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IAL 2024 May Q4

A Level / Edexcel / P4

IAL 2024 May Paper · Question 4

题目

Problem

Figure 1 shows a sketch of a segment PQRPPQRP of a circle with centre OO and radius 55 cm.

Given that

  • angle PORPOR is θ\theta radians
  • θ\theta is increasing, from 00 to π\pi, at a constant rate of 0.10.1 radians per second
  • the area of the segment PQRPPQRP is A cm2A\text{ cm}^2

(a) show that

dAdθ=K(1cosθ)\frac{\mathrm{d}A}{\mathrm{d}\theta}=K(1-\cos\theta)

where KK is a constant to be found.

(2)

(b) Find, in cm2 s1\text{cm}^2\text{ s}^{-1}, the rate of increase of the area of the segment when θ=π3\theta=\dfrac{\pi}{3}.

(4)
题目中文翻译

图 1 给出了圆心为 OO、半径为 55 cm 的圆弓形 PQRPPQRP 的草图。

已知:

  • PORPORθ\theta 弧度;
  • θ\theta00 增加到 π\pi,且以每秒 0.10.1 弧度的恒定速率增加;
  • 弓形 PQRPPQRP 的面积为 A cm2A\text{ cm}^2

(a) 证明

dAdθ=K(1cosθ)\frac{\mathrm{d}A}{\mathrm{d}\theta}=K(1-\cos\theta)

其中 KK 为待求常数。

(b) 当 θ=π3\theta=\dfrac{\pi}{3} 时,求弓形面积的增长速率,单位为 cm2 s1\text{cm}^2\text{ s}^{-1}

解答

(a)

解法一

思路

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弓形面积可以看成扇形面积减去三角形面积。半径为 55,圆心角为 θ\theta,所以先写出 AA 关于 θ\theta 的表达式,再对 θ\theta 求导,就能自然得到题目要求的形式。

答题过程

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The segment area is the sector area minus the triangle area.

For a circle of radius 55,

sector area=12(52)θ=252θ\text{sector area}=\frac12(5^2)\theta=\frac{25}{2}\theta

The triangle PORPOR has area

12(5)(5)sinθ=252sinθ\frac12(5)(5)\sin\theta=\frac{25}{2}\sin\theta

Therefore

A=252θ252sinθA=\frac{25}{2}\theta-\frac{25}{2}\sin\theta

Differentiate with respect to θ\theta:

dAdθ=252252cosθ\frac{\mathrm{d}A}{\mathrm{d}\theta} =\frac{25}{2}-\frac{25}{2}\cos\theta

So

dAdθ=252(1cosθ)\frac{\mathrm{d}A}{\mathrm{d}\theta} =\frac{25}{2}(1-\cos\theta)

Hence

K=252\boxed{K=\frac{25}{2}}

(b)

解法一

思路

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题目给的是 θ\theta 随时间的变化率,而要求的是面积 AA 随时间的变化率,所以要用链式法则:

dAdt=dAdθdθdt\frac{\mathrm{d}A}{\mathrm{d}t} =\frac{\mathrm{d}A}{\mathrm{d}\theta}\cdot \frac{\mathrm{d}\theta}{\mathrm{d}t}

然后把 (a) 中的结果、θ=π3\theta=\dfrac{\pi}{3}dθdt=0.1\dfrac{\mathrm{d}\theta}{\mathrm{d}t}=0.1 代入。

答题过程

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We are given

dθdt=0.1\frac{\mathrm{d}\theta}{\mathrm{d}t}=0.1

Using the chain rule,

dAdt=dAdθdθdt\frac{\mathrm{d}A}{\mathrm{d}t} =\frac{\mathrm{d}A}{\mathrm{d}\theta}\cdot \frac{\mathrm{d}\theta}{\mathrm{d}t}

When

θ=π3\theta=\frac{\pi}{3}

we have

cosπ3=12\cos\frac{\pi}{3}=\frac12

Thus

dAdθ=252(112)=254\frac{\mathrm{d}A}{\mathrm{d}\theta} =\frac{25}{2}\left(1-\frac12\right) =\frac{25}{4}

Therefore

dAdt=2540.1=2540=58\frac{\mathrm{d}A}{\mathrm{d}t} =\frac{25}{4}\cdot0.1 =\frac{25}{40} =\frac58

Hence the rate of increase of the area is

58 cm2 s1\boxed{\frac58\text{ cm}^2\text{ s}^{-1}}