题目
Problem
(a) Find the first 4 terms of the binomial expansion, in ascending powers of x, of
(8−3x)−31∣x∣<38
giving each coefficient as a simplified fraction.
(4)
(b) Use the answer from part (a) with x=32 to find a rational approximation to 36.
(2)
题目中文翻译
(a) 求
(8−3x)−31∣x∣<38
按 x 的升幂展开时的前 4 项,并将每个系数化为最简分数。
(4)
(b) 利用 (a) 的结果并取 x=32,求 36 的一个有理近似值。
(2)
解答
(a)
解法一
思路
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先提出常数 8,将表达式写成标准二项式形式。计算并简化系数后代入,最后乘回 1/2。
答题过程
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First factor out 8:
(8−3x)−1/3=21(1+u)−1/3
where u=−3x/8. The binomial formula is
(1+u)n=1+nu+2n(n−1)u2+6n(n−1)(n−2)u3+⋯
For n=−1/3, the second- and third-power coefficients are
2n(n−1)=92
and
6n(n−1)(n−2)==27×6(−1)(−4)(−7)−8114.
Hence
(1+u)−1/3=1−31u+92u2−8114u3+⋯
Substituting u=−3x/8 gives
(1−83x)−1/3=1+8x+32x2+7687x3+⋯
Multiply each term by 1/2. The first four terms are
21+16x+64x2+15367x3.
(b)
解法一
思路
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代入 x=2/3 得到的是 6−1/3 的近似值,因此通分求和后还要取倒数。
答题过程
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When x=2/3, 8−3x=6. Thus part (a) approximates 1/36, not 36 itself.
The last three terms become
16x=64x2=15367x3=241144151847.
Therefore
361≈==21+241+1441+5184751842592+216+36+751842851.
Taking the reciprocal gives the rational approximation
36≈28515184.