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P4 2024 Oct Q2

A Level / Edexcel / P4

IAL 2024 Oct Paper · Question 2

题目

Problem

In this question you must show all stages of your working.

Solutions relying on calculator technology are not acceptable.

The curve C1C_1 has equation

y=x4+10x2+8x∈Ry=x^4+10x^2+8\qquad x\in\mathbb{R}

The curve C2C_2 has equation

y=2x2−7x∈Ry=2x^2-7\qquad x\in\mathbb{R}

Use algebra to prove by contradiction that C1C_1 and C2C_2 do not intersect.

(4)
题目中文翻译

本题必须写出全部解题步骤。

不接受依赖计算器技术的解法。

曲线 C1C_1 的方程为

y=x4+10x2+8x∈Ry=x^4+10x^2+8\qquad x\in\mathbb{R}

曲线 C2C_2 的方程为

y=2x2−7x∈Ry=2x^2-7\qquad x\in\mathbb{R}

用代数中的反证法证明 C1C_1 与 C2C_2 不相交。

(4)

解答

解法一

思路

展开

先假设两曲线相交,将横坐标的平方视作未知数。因式分解得到两个负值,与实数的平方非负矛盾。

答题过程

展开

Assume, for contradiction, that C1C_1 and C2C_2 intersect.

Then there is a real value of xx for which the two yy-values are equal, so

x4+10x2+8=2x2−7x^4+10x^2+8=2x^2-7

Rearrange:

x4+8x2+15=0x^4+8x^2+15=0

Factorise:

x4+8x2+15=(x2+3)(x2+5)x^4+8x^2+15=(x^2+3)(x^2+5)

So

(x2+3)(x2+5)=0(x^2+3)(x^2+5)=0

This gives

x2=−3x^2=-3

or

x2=−5x^2=-5

But for real xx,

x2≥0x^2\ge 0

So x2x^2 cannot be negative.

This is a contradiction.

Therefore the assumption that C1C_1 and C2C_2 intersect is false.

Hence

C1 and C2 do not intersect.\boxed{C_1\text{ and }C_2\text{ do not intersect.}}

也可以令 u=x2u=x^2,用求根公式:

u= −8±64−602= −8±22=−3 or −5.\begin{align*} u=&\,\frac{-8\pm\sqrt{64-60}}2\\ =&\,\frac{-8\pm2}2=-3\text{ or }-5. \end{align*}

配方 (x2+4)2=1(x^2+4)^2=1 也得到同样的两个负值,矛盾相同。

解法二

思路

展开

仍先假设相交,但不解四次方程:逐项判断非负性,直接证明等号左边至少为 1515,不可能等于零。

答题过程

展开

Assume, for contradiction, that C1C_1 and C2C_2 intersect at a point with real xx. Equating their yy-values gives

x4+10x2+8=2x2−7.x^4+10x^2+8=2x^2-7.

Hence

x4+8x2+15=0.x^4+8x^2+15=0.

For real xx, both x4≥0x^4\ge0 and x2≥0x^2\ge0. Therefore

x4+8x2+15≥15>0,x^4+8x^2+15\ge15>0,

contradicting the equation above.

The assumption is false, so C1C_1 and C2C_2 do not intersect.

同类的正号判断也可写成 x2(x2+8)+15≥15x^2(x^2+8)+15\ge15;或由 x2+4≥4x^2+4\ge4 得 (x2+4)2−1≥15(x^2+4)^2-1\ge15,均保留上述反证假设。