题目
Problem
In this question you must show all stages of your working.
Solutions relying on calculator technology are not acceptable.
The curve C1 has equation
y=x4+10x2+8x∈R
The curve C2 has equation
y=2x2−7x∈R
Use algebra to prove by contradiction that C1 and C2 do not intersect.
(4)
题目中文翻译
本题必须写出全部解题步骤。
不接受依赖计算器技术的解法。
曲线 C1 的方程为
y=x4+10x2+8x∈R
曲线 C2 的方程为
y=2x2−7x∈R
用代数中的反证法证明 C1 与 C2 不相交。
(4)
解答
解法一
思路
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先假设两曲线相交,将横坐标的平方视作未知数。因式分解得到两个负值,与实数的平方非负矛盾。
答题过程
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Assume, for contradiction, that C1 and C2 intersect.
Then there is a real value of x for which the two y-values are equal, so
x4+10x2+8=2x2−7
Rearrange:
x4+8x2+15=0
Factorise:
x4+8x2+15=(x2+3)(x2+5)
So
(x2+3)(x2+5)=0
This gives
x2=−3
or
x2=−5
But for real x,
x2≥0
So x2 cannot be negative.
This is a contradiction.
Therefore the assumption that C1 and C2 intersect is false.
Hence
C1 and C2 do not intersect.
也可以令 u=x2,用求根公式:
u==2−8±64−602−8±2=−3 or −5.
配方 (x2+4)2=1 也得到同样的两个负值,矛盾相同。
解法二
思路
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仍先假设相交,但不解四次方程:逐项判断非负性,直接证明等号左边至少为 15,不可能等于零。
答题过程
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Assume, for contradiction, that C1 and C2 intersect at a point with real x. Equating their y-values gives
x4+10x2+8=2x2−7.
Hence
x4+8x2+15=0.
For real x, both x4≥0 and x2≥0. Therefore
x4+8x2+15≥15>0,
contradicting the equation above.
The assumption is false, so C1 and C2 do not intersect.
同类的正号判断也可写成 x2(x2+8)+15≥15;或由 x2+4≥4 得 (x2+4)2−1≥15,均保留上述反证假设。