题目
The histogram shows the times taken, in seconds, by each of 260 people to complete a puzzle.
(a) Use the histogram to complete the frequency table for the times taken to complete the puzzle.
| Time taken (seconds) | 15-30 | 30-45 | 45-55 | 55-60 | 60-75 | 75-90 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Frequency () | 20 | 145 | 10 | 5 | ||
| Time midpoint ( seconds) | 22.5 | 37.5 | 50 | 57.5 | 67.5 | 82.5 |
Given that and
(b) find an estimate for
(i) the mean time taken to complete the puzzle,
(ii) the standard deviation of the times taken to complete the puzzle.
(c) Use linear interpolation to estimate the median time taken to complete the puzzle.
(d) Describe the skewness of these data. Give a reason for your answer.
Three of the 260 people are chosen at random.
(e) Estimate the probability that all 3 of their times are less than 36 seconds.
题目中文翻译
直方图显示 260 人完成一个拼图所用的时间(秒)。
(a) 利用直方图补全完成拼图所需时间的频数表。
已知 且 。
(b) 估计:(i) 完成拼图所需时间的平均数;(ii) 完成拼图所需时间的标准差。
(c) 用线性插值估计完成拼图所需时间的中位数。
(d) 描述这些数据的偏态,并说明理由。
从这 260 人中随机选取 3 人。
(e) 估计这 3 人的用时都少于 36 秒的概率。
解答
(a)
解法一
思路
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直方图面积代表频数。根据图中相对高度可补出 - 和 - 两组,再用总频数 260 检查。
答题过程
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From the histogram,
has frequency , and
has frequency .
The completed missing frequencies are therefore
(b)
(i)
思路
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题目已给 ,用总频数 260 求分组数据的估计平均数。
答题过程
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The estimated mean is
So
(ii)
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利用题目给出的 与 计算分组数据的估计标准差。
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The estimated standard deviation is
So
(c)
解法一
思路
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总数 260,所以中位数是第 130 个数据附近。累计频数到 30 秒前为 20,因此中位数落在 - 组。
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The median is the 130th value.
The cumulative frequency before is .
So
Hence
Therefore the estimated median is
(d)
解法一
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平均数大于中位数,说明右尾较长,所以是正偏态。
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The data are positively skewed, since the mean is greater than the median .
(e)
解法一
思路
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先估计小于 36 秒的人数。15-30 秒有 20 人;30-45 秒这一组中,30 到 36 占 。
答题过程
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The estimated number of people taking less than seconds is
So the probability for one selected person is
Choosing 3 people without replacement,
Therefore
So the required probability is approximately