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S1 2020 Jan Q1

A Level / Edexcel / S1

IAL 2020 Jan Paper · Question 1

题目

Problem

The discrete random variable XX has the following probability distribution

xx−2-2−1-1113344
P(X=x)P(X=x)0.15aabbcc0.15

where aa, bb and cc are probabilities.

The mean value of XX is 1 and F(1)=0.63F(1)=0.63

Find the value of aa, the value of bb and the value of cc.

(5)
题目中文翻译

离散随机变量 XX 的概率分布如下:

xx−2-2−1-1113344
P(X=x)P(X=x)0.15aabbcc0.15

其中 aa、bb 和 cc 均为概率。

已知 XX 的均值为 1,且 F(1)=0.63F(1)=0.63。

求 aa、bb 和 cc 的值。

解答

解法一

思路

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这里有三个未知数,所以需要三个条件:总概率为 1,F(1)=P(X≤1)F(1)=P(X\leq1),以及 E(X)=1E(X)=1。

答题过程

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Since the probabilities sum to 1,

a+b+c+0.15+0.15=1.\begin{align*} a+b+c+0.15+0.15=1. \end{align*}

So

a+b+c=0.70.\begin{align*} a+b+c=0.70. \end{align*}

Also,

F(1)=P(X≤1)=0.15+a+b.\begin{align*} F(1)=P(X\leq1)=0.15+a+b. \end{align*}

Given F(1)=0.63F(1)=0.63,

a+b=0.48.\begin{align*} a+b=0.48. \end{align*}

Therefore

c=0.70−0.48=0.22.\begin{align*} c=0.70-0.48=0.22. \end{align*}

Using E(X)=1E(X)=1,

−2(0.15)−a+b+3c+4(0.15)=1.\begin{align*} -2(0.15)-a+b+3c+4(0.15)=1. \end{align*}

Substitute c=0.22c=0.22:

−0.30−a+b+0.66+0.60=1.\begin{align*} -0.30-a+b+0.66+0.60=1. \end{align*}

Thus

−a+b=0.04.\begin{align*} -a+b=0.04. \end{align*}

Together with a+b=0.48a+b=0.48,

2b=0.52,\begin{align*} 2b=0.52, \end{align*}

so

b=0.26.\begin{align*} b=0.26. \end{align*}

Hence

a=0.48−0.26=0.22.\begin{align*} a=0.48-0.26=0.22. \end{align*}

Therefore

a=0.22,b=0.26,c=0.22.\begin{align*} a=0.22,\qquad b=0.26,\qquad c=0.22. \end{align*}

解法二

思路

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以均值 1 为中心比较各取值的偏差。−2-2 与 44 的概率相同,偏差贡献互相抵消;X=1X=1 的偏差为 0,所以剩余的 −1-1 与 33 也必须互相抵消,即 a=ca=c。

答题过程

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From the sum of the probabilities and F(1)=0.63F(1)=0.63,

a+b+c= 0.70,a+b= 0.48.\begin{align*} a+b+c=&\,0.70,\\ a+b=&\,0.48. \end{align*}

Hence

c=0.70−0.48=0.22.\begin{align*} c=0.70-0.48=0.22. \end{align*}

The values −2-2 and 44 are equally far from the mean 1 and have equal probabilities, so their contributions about the mean cancel. The value 11 contributes zero deviation. Therefore the contributions from −1-1 and 33 must also cancel, giving

a=c=0.22.\begin{align*} a=c=0.22. \end{align*}

Finally,

b=0.48−a=0.26.\begin{align*} b=0.48-a=0.26. \end{align*}

Thus

a=0.22,b=0.26,c=0.22.\begin{align*} a=0.22,\qquad b=0.26,\qquad c=0.22. \end{align*}