题目
Problem
The discrete random variable X has the following probability distribution
| x | −2 | −1 | 1 | 3 | 4 |
|---|
| P(X=x) | 0.15 | a | b | c | 0.15 |
where a, b and c are probabilities.
The mean value of X is 1 and F(1)=0.63
Find the value of a, the value of b and the value of c.
(5)
题目中文翻译
离散随机变量 X 的概率分布如下:
| x | −2 | −1 | 1 | 3 | 4 |
|---|
| P(X=x) | 0.15 | a | b | c | 0.15 |
其中 a、b 和 c 均为概率。
已知 X 的均值为 1,且 F(1)=0.63。
求 a、b 和 c 的值。
解答
解法一
思路
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这里有三个未知数,所以需要三个条件:总概率为 1,F(1)=P(X≤1),以及 E(X)=1。
答题过程
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Since the probabilities sum to 1,
a+b+c+0.15+0.15=1.
So
a+b+c=0.70.
Also,
F(1)=P(X≤1)=0.15+a+b.
Given F(1)=0.63,
a+b=0.48.
Therefore
c=0.70−0.48=0.22.
Using E(X)=1,
−2(0.15)−a+b+3c+4(0.15)=1.
Substitute c=0.22:
−0.30−a+b+0.66+0.60=1.
Thus
−a+b=0.04.
Together with a+b=0.48,
2b=0.52,
so
b=0.26.
Hence
a=0.48−0.26=0.22.
Therefore
a=0.22,b=0.26,c=0.22.
解法二
思路
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以均值 1 为中心比较各取值的偏差。−2 与 4 的概率相同,偏差贡献互相抵消;X=1 的偏差为 0,所以剩余的 −1 与 3 也必须互相抵消,即 a=c。
答题过程
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From the sum of the probabilities and F(1)=0.63,
a+b+c=a+b=0.70,0.48.
Hence
c=0.70−0.48=0.22.
The values −2 and 4 are equally far from the mean 1 and have equal probabilities, so their contributions about the mean cancel. The value 1 contributes zero deviation. Therefore the contributions from −1 and 3 must also cancel, giving
a=c=0.22.
Finally,
b=0.48−a=0.26.
Thus
a=0.22,b=0.26,c=0.22.