题目
Soapern sells washing machines. When a customer buys a washing machine from Soapern, the customer is also invited to buy a guarantee policy to cover breakdowns and repairs for the next three years.
The manager of Soapern believes that the relationship between the number of washing machines sold () and the number of guarantee policies sold () can be modelled by a straight line.
She collected data each month for 10 months. The scatter diagram below illustrates these data.
The data are summarised by the following statistics.
(a) Show that
(b) Find the value of the product moment correlation coefficient for these data.
(c) State, giving a reason, whether or not the data are consistent with the manager’s belief.
The manager noticed that the total number of washing machines sold was times the total number of guarantee policies sold and suggests a model of the form , where is an integer.
(d) Find the value of .
Jiang works for Soapern and thought that this model oversimplified the situation and suggested that a linear regression of on may be more appropriate.
(e) Find the equation of the linear regression of on , giving your answer in the form , where and should be given to 3 significant figures.
(f) Use Jiang’s model to estimate the number of guarantee policies sold when 70 washing machines are sold in a month.
Usually about 70 washing machines are sold in January. Soapern decides to offer a bonus to staff during January based on the number of guarantee policies sold. If the number of guarantee policies sold is greater than the number estimated by the model, the bonus will be paid.
(g) State, giving your reasons, whether you would recommend that the staff use the manager’s model or Jiang’s model.
题目中文翻译
Soapern 销售洗衣机。顾客从 Soapern 购买洗衣机时,也会获邀购买一份保修服务,以涵盖随后三年的故障与维修。
Soapern 的经理认为,每月售出的洗衣机数量 与售出的保修服务数量 之间的关系可以用一条直线建模。她收集了连续 10 个月的数据,题图中的散点图表示这些数据。
数据汇总如下:
(a) 证明 。
(b) 求这些数据的积矩相关系数。
(c) 说明这些数据是否与经理的看法一致,并给出理由。
经理注意到,售出的洗衣机总数是售出的保修服务总数的 倍,因此提出模型 ,其中 为整数。
(d) 求 的值。
Jiang 在 Soapern 工作。他认为这个模型把实际情况过度简化,并建议采用 对 的线性回归模型。
(e) 求 对 的线性回归方程,答案写成 ,其中 与 均取 3 位有效数字。
(f) 用 Jiang 的模型估计某月售出 70 台洗衣机时售出的保修服务数量。
一月份通常约售出 70 台洗衣机。Soapern 决定按照一月份售出的保修服务数量向员工发放奖金:若实际售出的保修服务数量大于模型估计值,便会发放奖金。
(g) 说明你会建议员工采用经理的模型还是 Jiang 的模型,并给出理由。
解答
(a)
解法一
思路
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用 ,并算到题目给出的值。
答题过程
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Hence , as required.
(b)
解法一
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直接代入相关系数公式。
答题过程
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Therefore
(c)
解法一
思路
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接近 1,说明强正相关,支持用直线模型。
答题过程
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Yes. The data are consistent with the manager’s belief because , showing strong positive correlation.
(d)
解法一
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题目说总 washing machines 是总 guarantee policies 的 倍,所以用两个总和相除。
答题过程
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(e)
解法一
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回归线 on 的斜率是 ,然后用 求截距。
答题过程
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Also,
So
Hence
Therefore the regression line is
(f)
解法一
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把 代入 Jiang 的回归线。
答题过程
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So the estimate is approximately
guarantee policies.
(g)
解法一
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奖金条件是实际销量大于模型估计值。员工角度希望门槛较低。manager 的模型在 时给 ,比 Jiang 的约 18.5 更低。
答题过程
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The manager’s model gives
Jiang’s model gives approximately .
The staff should use the manager’s model, because it gives the lower estimate and so makes it easier for the bonus to be paid.