Skip to content
CalcGospel 國際數學圖譜
返回

S1 2021 June Q2

A Level / Edexcel / S1

IAL 2021 June Paper · Question 2

题目

Problem

In the Venn diagram below, AA, BB and CC are events and pp, qq, rr and ss are probabilities. The events AA and CC are independent and P(A)=0.65P(A)=0.65

(a) State which two of the events AA, BB and CC are mutually exclusive.

(1)

(b) Find the value of rr and the value of ss.

(5)

The events (A∩C′)(A\cap C') and (B∪C)(B\cup C) are also independent.

(c) Find the exact value of pp and the exact value of qq. Give your answers as fractions.

(6)
题目中文翻译

在下方的维恩图中,AA、BB、CC 是事件,pp、qq、rr、ss 是概率。

事件 AA 与 CC 相互独立,并且 P(A)=0.65P(A)=0.65。

(a) 指出事件 AA、BB、CC 中哪两个事件互斥。

(b) 求 rr 与 ss 的值。

事件 (A∩C′)(A\cap C') 与 (B∪C)(B\cup C) 也相互独立。

(c) 求 pp 与 qq 的精确值,并将答案写成分数。

解答

(a)

解法一

思路

展开

互斥表示两个事件没有重叠区域。从图中看,BB 和 CC 没有共同部分。

答题过程

展开

BB and CC are mutually exclusive.

(b)

解法一

思路

展开

图中 A∩CA\cap C 的概率是 0.130.13。由于 AA 和 CC 独立,P(A∩C)=P(A)P(C)P(A\cap C)=P(A)P(C),可以先求出 P(C)P(C),再求 rr。最后用全部概率加起来等于 1 求 ss。

答题过程

展开

Since AA and CC are independent,

P(A∩C)=P(A)P(C).\begin{align*} P(A\cap C)=P(A)P(C). \end{align*}

Hence

0.13=0.65P(C),\begin{align*} 0.13=0.65P(C), \end{align*}

so

P(C)=0.130.65=0.2.\begin{align*} P(C)=\frac{0.13}{0.65}=0.2. \end{align*}

From the diagram,

P(C)=r+0.13,\begin{align*} P(C)=r+0.13, \end{align*}

so

r=0.2−0.13=0.07.\begin{align*} r=0.2-0.13=0.07. \end{align*}

Also,

P(A)+r+s=1.\begin{align*} P(A)+r+s=1. \end{align*}

Therefore

0.65+0.07+s=1,\begin{align*} 0.65+0.07+s=1, \end{align*}

and

s=0.28.\begin{align*} s=0.28. \end{align*}

(c)

解法一

思路

展开

先把两个独立事件的概率写出来。A∩C′A\cap C' 就是 AA 中不在 CC 的部分,即 p+qp+q。由于 P(A)=0.65P(A)=0.65,而 A∩C=0.13A\cap C=0.13,所以 p+q=0.52p+q=0.52。然后用独立性建立方程。

答题过程

展开

Since

P(A)=p+q+0.13=0.65,\begin{align*} P(A)=p+q+0.13=0.65, \end{align*}

we have

p+q=0.52.\begin{align*} p+q=0.52. \end{align*}

Also,

P(B∪C)=q+r+0.13=q+0.07+0.13=q+0.2.\begin{align*} P(B\cup C)=q+r+0.13=q+0.07+0.13=q+0.2. \end{align*}

The intersection of (A∩C′)(A\cap C') and (B∪C)(B\cup C) is the region qq, so

P((A∩C′)∩(B∪C))=q.\begin{align*} P\bigl((A\cap C')\cap(B\cup C)\bigr)=q. \end{align*}

Using independence,

P(A∩C′)P(B∪C)=q.\begin{align*} P(A\cap C')P(B\cup C)=q. \end{align*}

Therefore

0.52(q+0.2)=q.\begin{align*} 0.52(q+0.2)=q. \end{align*}

So

0.52q+0.104=q,\begin{align*} 0.52q+0.104=q, \end{align*}

and

0.48q=0.104.\begin{align*} 0.48q=0.104. \end{align*}

Hence

q=0.1040.48=1360.\begin{align*} q=\frac{0.104}{0.48}=\frac{13}{60}. \end{align*}

Since p+q=0.52=1325p+q=0.52=\frac{13}{25},

p=1325−1360=156300−65300=91300.p=\frac{13}{25}-\frac{13}{60} =\frac{156}{300}-\frac{65}{300} =\frac{91}{300}.