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S1 2021 Oct Q3

A Level / Edexcel / S1

IAL 2021 Oct Paper · Question 3

题目

Problem

The stem and leaf diagram shows the ages of the 3535 male passengers on a cruise.

(a) Find the median age of the male passengers.

(1)

(b) Show that the interquartile range (IQR) of these ages is 1616

(2)

An outlier is defined as a value that is more than 1.5×IQR⁡1.5\times\operatorname{IQR} above the upper quartile or 1.5×IQR⁡1.5\times\operatorname{IQR} below the lower quartile

(c) Show that there are 33 outliers amongst these ages.

(3)

(d) On the grid in Figure 1 on page 99, draw a box plot for the ages of the male passengers on the cruise.

(4)

Figure 1 on page 99 also shows a box plot for the ages of the female passengers on the cruise.

(e) Comment on any difference in the distributions of ages of male and female passengers on the cruise. State the values of any statistics you have used to support your comment.

(1)

Anja, along with her 22 daughters and a granddaughter, now join the cruise. Anja’s granddaughter is younger than both of Anja’s daughters. Anja had her 2323rd birthday on the day her eldest daughter was born. When their 44 ages are included with the other female passengers on the cruise, the box plot does not change.

(f) State, giving reasons, what you can say about

(i) the granddaughter’s age

(ii) Anja’s age.

(3)
题目中文翻译

茎叶图表示一艘邮轮上 3535 名男性乘客的年龄。

(a) 求男性乘客年龄的中位数。

(b) 证明这些年龄的四分位距(IQR)为 1616。

离群值定义为:大于上四分位数以上 1.5×IQR⁡1.5\times\operatorname{IQR} 的数值,或小于下四分位数以下 1.5×IQR⁡1.5\times\operatorname{IQR} 的数值。

(c) 证明这些年龄中有 33 个离群值。

(d) 在第 99 页图 1 的网格上,为邮轮上男性乘客的年龄画出箱线图。

第 99 页图 1 还给出了邮轮上女性乘客年龄的箱线图。

(e) 评论男性与女性乘客年龄分布之间的任何差异,并写出你用来支持评论的统计量数值。

Anja 与她的两个女儿和一个孙女现在加入邮轮。Anja 的孙女比 Anja 的两个女儿都年轻。Anja 在长女出生当天度过了自己的 2323 岁生日。把她们四人的年龄加入其他女性乘客后,箱线图不变。

(f) 说明并给出理由,你能确定:

(i) 孙女的年龄;

(ii) Anja 的年龄。

解答

(a)

解法一

思路

展开

共有 3535 个数据,中位数是第 1818 个。

答题过程

展开

The median is the 1818th value, so

median=53.\begin{align*} \text{median}=53. \end{align*}

(b)

解法一

思路

展开

从 stem-and-leaf 读出 Q1=45Q_1=45,Q3=61Q_3=61,所以 IQR 为 1616。

答题过程

展开 Q1=45,Q3=61.\begin{align*} Q_1=45,\qquad Q_3=61. \end{align*}

Therefore

IQR⁡=61−45=16.\begin{align*} \operatorname{IQR}=61-45=16. \end{align*}

(c)

解法一

思路

展开

先算上下 outlier limits,再检查数据中哪些值越界。

答题过程

展开

The lower limit is

45−1.5(16)=21.\begin{align*} 45-1.5(16)=21. \end{align*}

The upper limit is

61+1.5(16)=85.\begin{align*} 61+1.5(16)=85. \end{align*}

The values outside these limits are

13, 87, 88.\begin{align*} 13,\ 87,\ 88. \end{align*}

Therefore there are 33 outliers.

(d)

解法一

思路

展开

箱体用 45,53,6145,53,61。由于 13,87,8813,87,88 是 outliers,whiskers 到非 outlier 的最小值和最大值:2727 与 7676。

答题过程

展开

Draw the male box plot using

lower whisker=27,Q1=45,Q2=53,Q3=61,upper whisker=76,outliers=13, 87, 88.\begin{gathered} \text{lower whisker}=27,\quad Q_1=45,\quad Q_2=53,\\ Q_3=61,\quad \text{upper whisker}=76,\\ \text{outliers}=13,\ 87,\ 88. \end{gathered}

(e)

解法一

思路

展开

比较时要点名统计量和数值。一个可行说法是女性乘客年龄整体更大,因为 female median 大于 male median。

答题过程

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The female passengers are generally older than the male passengers, because the median age for females is 6767, whereas the median age for males is 5353.

(f)

解法一

思路

展开

箱线图不变,表示新增四人的年龄分别落在原箱线图的四个四分位区间内。由女性箱线图读出相关界限,再利用 Anja 比长女大 2323 岁。

答题过程

展开

For the female box plot to remain unchanged, one of the four new ages must lie in each quartile section. Since the granddaughter is younger than both daughters, her age must be in the lowest section. Hence her age is between 3434 and 5656 inclusive.

The eldest daughter’s age must be between 6767 and 7272 inclusive. Since Anja is 2323 years older than her eldest daughter, this initially gives Anja’s age in the range 9090 to 9595. To remain within the upper section of the unchanged box plot, Anja can be no older than 9393.

Therefore Anja’s age is between 9090 and 9393 inclusive.