Skip to content
CalcGospel 國際數學圖譜
返回

IAL 2022 Oct Q6

A Level / Edexcel / S1

IAL 2022 Oct Paper · Question 6

题目

Problem

The Venn diagram shows the events AA, BB, CC and DD, where pp, qq, rr and ss are probabilities.

Venn diagram

(a) Write down the value of

(i) P(A)P(A)

(ii) P(AB)P(A\mid B)

(iii) P(AC)P(A\mid C)

(3)

Given that P(BD)=710P(B'\cap D')=\dfrac{7}{10} and P(CD)=35P(C\mid D)=\dfrac{3}{5}

(b) find the exact value of qq and the exact value of rr

(6)

Given also that P(BC)=58P(B\cup C')=\dfrac{5}{8}

(c) find the exact value of ss

(2)

解答

(a)

解法一

思路

展开

这题主要读 Venn 图。BB 完全在 AA 中,所以 P(AB)=1P(A\mid B)=1AACC 不相交,所以 P(AC)=0P(A\mid C)=0

答题过程

展开

From the Venn diagram,

P(A)=0.13+0.12=0.25.\begin{align*} P(A)=0.13+0.12=0.25. \end{align*}

Since BB is inside AA,

P(AB)=1.\begin{align*} P(A\mid B)=1. \end{align*}

Since AA and CC do not overlap,

P(AC)=0.\begin{align*} P(A\mid C)=0. \end{align*}

(b)

解法一

思路

展开

P(CD)=35P(C\mid D)=\dfrac35qq+r=35\dfrac{q}{q+r}=\dfrac35。再用 P(BD)=710P(B'\cap D')=\dfrac{7}{10} 和总概率为 11,可推出 q+r=0.18q+r=0.18,然后联立。

答题过程

展开

Using P(CD)=35P(C\mid D)=\dfrac{3}{5},

qq+r=35.\begin{align*} \frac{q}{q+r}=\frac{3}{5}. \end{align*}

So

5q=3q+3r,\begin{align*} 5q=3q+3r, \end{align*}

and therefore

q=32r.\begin{align*} q=\frac{3}{2}r. \end{align*}

From the diagram and P(BD)=710P(B'\cap D')=\dfrac{7}{10},

0.13+p+s=710.\begin{align*} 0.13+p+s=\frac{7}{10}. \end{align*}

Using the total probability,

p+q+r+s+0.12+0.13=1.\begin{align*} p+q+r+s+0.12+0.13=1. \end{align*}

Subtracting the first equation from the total gives

q+r+0.12=0.30.\begin{align*} q+r+0.12=0.30. \end{align*}

So

q+r=0.18.\begin{align*} q+r=0.18. \end{align*}

Now solve with q=32rq=\dfrac32r:

32r+r=0.18.\begin{align*} \frac{3}{2}r+r=0.18. \end{align*}

Hence

r=0.072=9125,\begin{align*} r=0.072=\frac{9}{125}, \end{align*}

and

q=0.108=27250.\begin{align*} q=0.108=\frac{27}{250}. \end{align*}

(c)

解法一

思路

展开

BCB\cup C' 包含 BB 区域、AA only 区域、DD only 区域和外部 ss,不包含 CC only 的 ppqq

答题过程

展开

From the diagram,

P(BC)=0.13+0.12+r+s.\begin{align*} P(B\cup C')=0.13+0.12+r+s. \end{align*}

Using P(BC)=58P(B\cup C')=\dfrac{5}{8} and r=0.072r=0.072,

58=0.13+0.12+0.072+ss=0.303.\begin{align*} \frac{5}{8} =&\,0.13+0.12+0.072+s\\[3mm] s=&\,0.303. \end{align*}