题目
Problem
The histogram shows the distances, in km, that 274 people travel to work.
Given that 60 of these people travel between 10 km and 20 km to work, estimate
(a) the number of people who travel between 22 km and 45 km to work,
(3)
(b) the median distance travelled to work by these 274 people,
(2)
(c) the mean distance travelled to work by these 274 people.
(3)
题目中文翻译
直方图显示 274 人上班路程的距离(km)。
已知其中 60 人上班路程介于 10 km 与 20 km 之间,估计:
(a) 上班路程介于 22 km 与 45 km 之间的人数;
(b) 这 274 人上班路程的中位数;
(c) 这 274 人上班路程的平均数。
解答
(a)
解法一
思路
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先用 10 到 20 这一组的频数 60 校准直方图比例。由图可读出各组频数为 100,70,60,20,24,对应组距 0-5、5-10、10-20、20-30、30-60。
答题过程
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From the histogram scale, the relevant frequencies are:
20⩽x<30: 20,30⩽x<60: 24.
For 22 to 30,
108(20)=16.
For 30 to 45,
3015(24)=12.
Therefore the estimated number is
16+12=28.
(b)
解法一
思路
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中位数位置是第 137 个。累计到 5 km 是 100,累计到 10 km 是 170,所以中位数在 5 到 10 这一组内。
答题过程
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The median is the 137th value.
In the class 5⩽x<10, the frequency is 70 and the class width is 5.
median==5+70137−100×57.642857…
So the median distance is
7.64 km
to 3 significant figures.
解法二
思路
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也可以用 2n+1 定位中位数。这里中位数位置为第 137.5 个数据。
答题过程
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Using the n+1 convention,
median==5+70137.5−100×57.67857…
So the median distance is 7.68 km to 3 significant figures.
(c)
解法一
思路
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用 grouped data 的平均数估计:每组用 midpoint 乘以 frequency,再除以总人数。
答题过程
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Using midpoints,
∑fx==2.5(100)+7.5(70)+15(60)+25(20)+45(24)3255.
Therefore
xˉ==274325511.879…
The mean distance is
11.9 km
to 3 significant figures.