Skip to content
CalcGospel 國際數學圖譜
返回

S1 2023 June Q3

A Level / Edexcel / S1

IAL 2023 June Paper · Question 3

题目

Problem

Jim records the length, ll mm, of 8181 salmon. The data are coded using x=l−600x=l-600 and the following summary statistics are obtained.

n=81∑x=3711∑x2=475181n=81\qquad \sum x=3711\qquad \sum x^2=475181

(a) Find the mean length of these salmon.

(3)

(b) Find the variance of the lengths of these salmon.

(2)

The weight, ww grams, of each of the 8181 salmon is recorded to the nearest gram. The recorded results for the 8181 salmon are summarised in the box plot below.

(c) Find the maximum number of salmon that have weights in the interval

4600<w⩽77004600<w\leqslant7700
(1)

Raj says that the box plot is incorrect as Jim has not included outliers. For these data an outlier is defined as a value that is more than

1.5×IQR⁡1.5\times\operatorname{IQR}

above the upper quartile or 1.5×IQR⁡1.5\times\operatorname{IQR} below the lower quartile

(d) Show that there are no outliers.

(3)
题目中文翻译

Jim 记录了 8181 条鲑鱼的长度 ll mm。使用 x=l−600x=l-600 对数据编码后,得到题目所列的汇总统计量。

(a) 求这些鲑鱼长度的平均数。

(b) 求这些鲑鱼长度的方差。

这 8181 条鲑鱼各自的重量 ww 克均记录到最接近的克,记录结果汇总于题目所示的箱线图中。

(c) 求重量满足 4600<w⩽77004600<w\leqslant7700 的鲑鱼最多可能有多少条。

Raj 认为这个箱线图有误,因为 Jim 没有标出异常值。对这些数据,异常值定义为高于上四分位数超过 1.5×IQR⁡1.5\times\operatorname{IQR},或低于下四分位数超过 1.5×IQR⁡1.5\times\operatorname{IQR} 的数值。

(d) 证明数据中没有异常值。

解答

(a)

解法一

思路

展开

由 x=l−600x=l-600 得 l=x+600l=x+600,所以平均长度等于 xˉ+600\bar{x}+600。

答题过程

展开 xˉ=371181=45.814…\begin{align*} \bar{x}=\frac{3711}{81}=45.814\ldots \end{align*}

Since l=x+600l=x+600,

lˉ= xˉ+600= 45.814…+600= 645.814…\begin{align*} \bar{l} =&\,\bar{x}+600\\ =&\,45.814\ldots+600\\ =&\,645.814\ldots \end{align*}

The mean length is

646 mm\begin{align*} 646\text{ mm} \end{align*}

to 33 significant figures.

(b)

解法一

思路

展开

加上 600600 不会改变 variance,所以 ll 的 variance 与 xx 的 variance 相同。

答题过程

展开 Var⁡(X)= ∑x2n−(∑xn)2= 47518181−(371181)2= 3767.43…\begin{align*} \operatorname{Var}(X) =&\,\frac{\sum x^2}{n}-\left(\frac{\sum x}{n}\right)^2\\ =&\,\frac{475181}{81}-\left(\frac{3711}{81}\right)^2\\ =&\,3767.43\ldots \end{align*}

Since l=x+600l=x+600, adding 600600 does not change the variance.

Therefore

Var⁡(L)=3770\begin{align*} \operatorname{Var}(L)=3770 \end{align*}

to 33 significant figures.

解法二

思路

展开

也可先由 x=l−600x=l-600 还原 ∑l\sum l 与 ∑l2\sum l^2,再直接使用原始长度计算方差。

答题过程

展开

Since l=x+600l=x+600,

∑l= 3711+81(600)=52311,\begin{align*} \sum l=&\,3711+81(600)=52311, \end{align*}

and

∑l2= 475181+1200(52311)−81(6002)= 34088381.\begin{align*} \sum l^2 =&\,475181+1200(52311)-81(600^2)\\ =&\,34088381. \end{align*}

Therefore

Var⁡(L)= 3408838181−(5231181)2= 3767.43…≈ 3770.\begin{align*} \operatorname{Var}(L) =&\,\frac{34088381}{81} -\left(\frac{52311}{81}\right)^2\\ =&\,3767.43\ldots\\ \approx&\,3770. \end{align*}

(c)

解法一

思路

展开

从 box plot 读数,46004600 到 77007700 最多可包含上半部分,也就是约 50%50\% 的 8181 条鱼。人数必须是整数,所以最大为 4040。

答题过程

展开

The interval 4600<w⩽77004600<w\leqslant7700 can contain at most the upper half of the data.

So the maximum number is

40.\begin{align*} 40. \end{align*}

(d)

解法一

思路

展开

由 box plot 读出 Q1=3800Q_1=3800,Q3=5400Q_3=5400,最小值 16001600,最大值 77007700。算出 outlier boundaries,再检查最小值和最大值是否越界。

答题过程

展开

From the box plot,

Q1=3800,Q3=5400.\begin{align*} Q_1=3800,\qquad Q_3=5400. \end{align*}

So

IQR⁡=5400−3800=1600.\begin{align*} \operatorname{IQR}=5400-3800=1600. \end{align*}

The upper boundary is

5400+1.5(1600)=7800.\begin{align*} 5400+1.5(1600)=7800. \end{align*}

The lower boundary is

3800−1.5(1600)=1400.\begin{align*} 3800-1.5(1600)=1400. \end{align*}

The maximum value is 77007700, and

7700<7800.\begin{align*} 7700<7800. \end{align*}

The minimum value is 16001600, and

1600>1400.\begin{align*} 1600>1400. \end{align*}

Therefore there are no outliers.