题目
The weights, to the nearest kilogram, of a sample of red kangaroos taken in December are summarised in the stem and leaf diagram below.
(a) Find
(i) the value of the median
(ii) the value of and the value of
for the weights of these red kangaroos.
For these data an outlier is defined as a value that is
greater than
or smaller than
(b) Show that there are outliers for these data.
Figure 1 on page shows a box plot for the weights of the same red kangaroos taken in February, earlier in the year.
(c) In the space on Figure 1, draw a box plot to represent the weights of these red kangaroos in December.
(d) Compare the distribution of the weights of red kangaroos taken in February with the distribution of the weights of red kangaroos taken in December of the same year. You should interpret your comparisons in the context of the question.
题目中文翻译
一组在十二月抽取的 只红袋鼠,其体重按最接近的千克记录,并汇总在上面的茎叶图中。
(a) 求这些红袋鼠体重的
(i) 中位数;
(ii) 下四分位数 和上四分位数 。
对于这组数据,离群值定义为大于
或小于
的数值。
(b) 证明这组数据中有 个离群值。
Figure 1 显示了同年较早的二月所抽取的同一组 只红袋鼠体重的箱线图。
(c) 在 Figure 1 的空白处画出表示这些红袋鼠十二月体重的箱线图。
(d) 比较二月和同年十二月红袋鼠体重的分布。你应结合题目情境解释你的比较。
解答
(a)
解法一
思路
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共有 个数据,所以中位数是第 个。下四分位数是前 个数据的中位数,即第 和第 个的平均;上四分位数是后 个数据的中位数,即第 和第 个的平均。
答题过程
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There are values.
The median is the th value, so
For the lower quartile,
For the upper quartile,
(b)
解法一
思路
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先算四分位距 ,再算上下界。比下界小或比上界大的数据就是 outlier。
答题过程
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The upper outlier boundary is
The lower outlier boundary is
The values outside these boundaries are
Therefore there are outliers.
(c)
解法一
思路
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画 December 的 box plot 时,箱体用 、median 、。由于 和 是 outliers,须单独标出;须把 whiskers 画到非 outlier 的最小值和最大值,也就是 与 。
答题过程
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For December, draw the box plot using:
(d)
解法一
思路
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比较两个 box plot,至少要比较一个平均水平和一个离散程度,并且要放回红袋鼠体重的语境中说。
答题过程
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The median weight in February is lower than the median weight in December. This suggests that, on average, the red kangaroos weighed less in February than in December.
The interquartile range in February is lower than the interquartile range in December. This suggests that the weights of the red kangaroos were less varied in February.