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S1 2023 Oct Q5

A Level / Edexcel / S1

IAL 2023 Oct Paper · Question 5

题目

Problem

The weights, XX grams, of a particular variety of fruit are normally distributed with

X∼N(210,252)X\sim N(210,25^2)

A fruit of this variety is selected at random.

(a) Show that the probability that the weight of this fruit is less than 240240 grams is 0.88490.8849

(2)

(b) Find the probability that the weight of this fruit is between 190190 grams and 240240 grams.

(2)

(c) Find the value of kk such that P(210−k<X<210+k)=0.95P(210-k<X<210+k)=0.95

(3)

A wholesaler buys large numbers of this variety of fruit and classifies the lightest 15%15\% as small.

(d) Find the maximum weight of a fruit that is classified as small. You must show your working clearly.

(3)

The weights, YY grams, of a second variety of this fruit are normally distributed with

Y∼N(μ,σ2)Y\sim N(\mu,\sigma^2)

Given that 5%5\% of these fruit weigh less than 152152 grams and 40%40\% weigh more than 180180 grams,

(e) calculate the mean and standard deviation of the weights of this variety of fruit.

(5)
题目中文翻译

某种水果的重量 XX 克服从正态分布

X∼N(210,252).X\sim N(210,25^2).

随机选取一个该品种的水果。

(a) 证明该水果重量小于 240240 克的概率为 0.88490.8849。

(b) 求该水果重量介于 190190 克与 240240 克之间的概率。

(c) 求 kk,使得

P(210−k<X<210+k)=0.95.P(210-k<X<210+k)=0.95.

一名批发商大量购买这种水果,并把最轻的 15%15\% 归类为小号。

(d) 求被归类为小号水果的最大重量。你必须清楚写出计算过程。

另一品种水果的重量 YY 克服从正态分布

Y∼N(μ,σ2).Y\sim N(\mu,\sigma^2).

已知该品种水果中有 5%5\% 的重量小于 152152 克,且有 40%40\% 的重量大于 180180 克,

(e) 计算该品种水果重量的平均数和标准差。

解答

(a)

解法一

思路

展开

先标准化 240240。这里方差写成 25225^2,所以标准差是 2525。

答题过程

展开 P(X<240)= P(Z<240−21025)= P(Z<1.2)= 0.8849.\begin{align*} P(X<240) =&\,P\left(Z<\frac{240-210}{25}\right)\\ =&\,P(Z<1.2)\\ =&\,0.8849. \end{align*}

This shows the required probability.

(b)

解法一

思路

展开

用上一小题的 P(X<240)P(X<240),再减去 P(X<190)P(X<190)。

答题过程

展开 P(190<X<240)= P(X<240)−P(X<190)= 0.8849−P(Z<190−21025)= 0.8849−P(Z<−0.8)= 0.8849−0.2119= 0.6730.\begin{align*} P(190<X<240) =&\,P(X<240)-P(X<190)\\ =&\,0.8849-P\left(Z<\frac{190-210}{25}\right)\\ =&\,0.8849-P(Z<-0.8)\\ =&\,0.8849-0.2119\\ =&\,0.6730. \end{align*}

Therefore the probability is

0.673.\begin{align*} 0.673. \end{align*}

解法二

思路

展开

标准化后区间为 −0.8<Z<1.2-0.8<Z<1.2。利用标准正态分布的对称性,Φ(−0.8)=1−Φ(0.8)\Phi(-0.8)=1-\Phi(0.8),可直接计算区间概率。

答题过程

展开

Standardising the two boundaries gives

P(190<X<240)=P(−0.8<Z<1.2).\begin{align*} P(190<X<240)=P(-0.8<Z<1.2). \end{align*}

By symmetry,

P(−0.8<Z<1.2)= Φ(1.2)+Φ(0.8)−1= 0.8849+0.7881−1= 0.673.\begin{align*} P(-0.8<Z<1.2) =&\,\Phi(1.2)+\Phi(0.8)-1\\ =&\,0.8849+0.7881-1\\ =&\,0.673. \end{align*}

Therefore, the probability is 0.6730.673.

(c)

解法一

思路

展开

区间 210−k<X<210+k210-k<X<210+k 以平均数为中心,中央概率为 0.950.95,所以两边尾部各 0.0250.025。对应的正标准正态值是 1.961.96。

答题过程

展开

For the central 95%95\% interval,

z=1.96.\begin{align*} z=1.96. \end{align*}

So

210+k−21025=1.96.\begin{align*} \frac{210+k-210}{25}=1.96. \end{align*}

Therefore

k=1.96(25)=49.\begin{align*} k=1.96(25)=49. \end{align*}

(d)

解法一

思路

展开

最轻的 15%15\% 表示左侧概率为 0.150.15。查 percentage points 表可得对应 z=−1.0364z=-1.0364。

答题过程

展开

Let the required maximum weight be SS.

Then

P(X<S)=0.15.\begin{align*} P(X<S)=0.15. \end{align*}

The corresponding standard normal value is

z=−1.0364.\begin{align*} z=-1.0364. \end{align*}

Hence

S−21025=−1.0364.\begin{align*} \frac{S-210}{25}=-1.0364. \end{align*}

So

S= 210−1.0364(25)= 184.09.\begin{align*} S =&\,210-1.0364(25)\\ =&\,184.09. \end{align*}

The maximum weight is approximately

184 grams.\begin{align*} 184\text{ grams}. \end{align*}

(e)

解法一

思路

展开

把两个百分比条件都转成标准正态方程。5%5\% 在左尾,对应 z=−1.6449z=-1.6449;40%40\% 在右尾,表示左侧概率 0.600.60,对应 z=0.2533z=0.2533。

答题过程

展开

Since 5%5\% weigh less than 152152 grams,

152−μσ=−1.6449.\begin{align*} \frac{152-\mu}{\sigma}=-1.6449. \end{align*}

Since 40%40\% weigh more than 180180 grams,

P(Y<180)=0.60.\begin{align*} P(Y<180)=0.60. \end{align*}

So

180−μσ=0.2533.\begin{align*} \frac{180-\mu}{\sigma}=0.2533. \end{align*}

Thus

152−μ= −1.6449σ,180−μ= 0.2533σ.\begin{align*} 152-\mu=&\,-1.6449\sigma,\\ 180-\mu=&\,0.2533\sigma. \end{align*}

Subtracting the first equation from the second gives

28= 1.8982σσ= 14.7508…\begin{align*} 28=&\,1.8982\sigma\\ \sigma=&\,14.7508\ldots \end{align*}

Then

180−μ= 0.2533(14.7508…)μ= 176.263…\begin{align*} 180-\mu=&\,0.2533(14.7508\ldots)\\ \mu=&\,176.263\ldots \end{align*}

Therefore

μ=176,σ=14.8\begin{align*} \mu=176,\qquad \sigma=14.8 \end{align*}

to 33 significant figures.