题目
Problem
The events A and B satisfy
P(A)=x,P(B)=y,P(A∪B)=0.65,P(B∣A)=0.3.
(a) Show that
14x+20y=13.
(3)
The events B and C are mutually exclusive such that
P(B∪C)=0.85,P(C)=21x+y.
(b) (i) Find a second equation in x and y.
(ii) Hence find the value of x and the value of y.
(4)
(c) Determine whether or not A and B are statistically independent.
You must show your working clearly.
(2)
题目中文翻译
事件 A 和 B 满足题目所列的概率条件。
(a) 证明 14x+20y=13。
事件 B 和 C 互斥,并满足题目所列的条件。
(b) (i) 求一个关于 x 和 y 的第二个方程。
(ii) 由此求 x 和 y 的值。
(c) 判断 A 和 B 是否统计独立。必须清楚写出过程。
解答
(a)
解法一
思路
展开
由条件概率得
P(A∩B)=0.3x.
再代入加法公式
P(A∪B)=P(A)+P(B)−P(A∩B).
答题过程
展开
Since
P(B∣A)=0.3,
we have
P(A)P(A∩B)=0.3.
So
P(A∩B)=0.3x.
Using
P(A∪B)=P(A)+P(B)−P(A∩B),
we get
0.65=0.65=x+y−0.3x0.7x+y.
Multiplying by 20,
13=14x+20y.
Therefore
14x+20y=13.
(b)(i)
解法一
思路
展开
B 和 C 互斥,所以
P(B∪C)=P(B)+P(C).
答题过程
展开
Since B and C are mutually exclusive,
P(B∪C)=P(B)+P(C).
Therefore
0.85=0.85=y+(21x+y)21x+2y.
(b)(ii)
解法一
思路
展开
联立
14x+20y=13
和
21x+2y=0.85.
答题过程
展开
From part (b)(i),
21x+2y=0.85.
Multiplying by 20,
10x+40y=17.
Also,
14x+20y=13.
Double the second equation:
28x+40y=26.
Subtracting 10x+40y=17 gives
18x=x=90.5.
Substituting into 21x+2y=0.85,
0.25+2y=2y=y=0.850.600.30.
Therefore
x=0.5,y=0.3.
(c)
解法一
思路
展开
判断独立性可比较 P(B∣A) 和 P(B)。这里 P(B∣A)=0.3,而 P(B)=y=0.3,相等,所以独立。
答题过程
展开
We have
P(B∣A)=0.3
and
P(B)=y=0.3.
Since
P(B∣A)=P(B),
the events A and B are statistically independent.
解法二
思路
展开
也可检验独立事件的乘法条件 P(A∩B)=P(A)P(B)。
答题过程
展开
From part (a),
P(A∩B)=0.3x=0.3(0.5)=0.15.
Also,
P(A)P(B)=xy=(0.5)(0.3)=0.15.
Since P(A∩B)=P(A)P(B), the events A and B are statistically independent.