题目
A group of adults were asked whether they read cooking magazines, travel magazines or sport magazines.
Their replies showed that
- read only cooking magazines
- read only travel magazines
- read only sport magazines
- read cooking magazines and sport magazines but not travel magazines
- read travel magazines and sport magazines but not cooking magazines
- read cooking magazines and travel magazines but not sport magazines
- do not read cooking magazines, travel magazines or sport magazines
(a) Using this information, complete the Venn diagram on page 11.
One of these adults was chosen at random.
(b) Find the probability that this adult,
(i) reads cooking magazines and travel magazines and sport magazines,
(ii) does not read cooking magazines.
Given that this adult reads travel magazines,
(c) find the probability that this adult also reads sport magazines.
题目中文翻译
一组 名成年人被问及他们是否阅读烹饪、旅行或体育杂志。调查结果如下:
- 人只阅读烹饪杂志;
- 人只阅读旅行杂志;
- 人只阅读体育杂志;
- 人阅读烹饪和体育杂志,但不阅读旅行杂志;
- 人阅读旅行和体育杂志,但不阅读烹饪杂志;
- 人阅读烹饪和旅行杂志,但不阅读体育杂志;
- 人三类杂志都不阅读。
(a) 使用这些信息完成第 页的文氏图。
从这些成年人中随机选出一人。
(b) 求此人满足下列条件的概率:
(i) 同时阅读烹饪、旅行和体育杂志;
(ii) 不阅读烹饪杂志。
已知此人阅读旅行杂志,
(c) 求此人也阅读体育杂志的概率。
解答
(a)
解法一
思路
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题目已经给出所有“only”和“两类但不是第三类”的人数,以及三个都不读的人数。唯一缺的是三类都读的人数。
把已知人数相加,再用总人数 减去即可。
答题过程
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The number who read all three types of magazine is
So the completed Venn diagram has:
(b)(i)
解法一
思路
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三类都读的人数是上一小题求出的 ,总人数是 。
答题过程
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(b)(ii)
解法一
思路
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不读 cooking 的区域包括:只读 travel、只读 sport、travel and sport only,以及三类都不读。
答题过程
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The number who do not read cooking magazines is
Therefore
解法二
思路
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用总人数减去阅读烹饪杂志的人数,再除以 。
答题过程
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The number who read cooking magazines is
Therefore
(c)
解法一
思路
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这是条件概率。已知这个人读 travel,所以分母是所有读 travel 的人数。分子是同时读 travel 和 sport 的人数。
答题过程
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The number who read travel magazines is
The number who read both travel and sport magazines is
Therefore