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S1 2024 Oct Q3

A Level / Edexcel / S1

IAL 2024 Oct Paper · Question 3

题目

Problem

A group of 200200 adults were asked whether they read cooking magazines, travel magazines or sport magazines.

Their replies showed that

  • 2929 read only cooking magazines
  • 3333 read only travel magazines
  • 4242 read only sport magazines
  • 1717 read cooking magazines and sport magazines but not travel magazines
  • 1111 read travel magazines and sport magazines but not cooking magazines
  • 2222 read cooking magazines and travel magazines but not sport magazines
  • 3232 do not read cooking magazines, travel magazines or sport magazines

(a) Using this information, complete the Venn diagram on page 11.

(3)

One of these adults was chosen at random.

(b) Find the probability that this adult,

(i) reads cooking magazines and travel magazines and sport magazines,

(1)

(ii) does not read cooking magazines.

(2)

Given that this adult reads travel magazines,

(c) find the probability that this adult also reads sport magazines.

(2)
题目中文翻译

一组 200200 名成年人被问及他们是否阅读烹饪、旅行或体育杂志。调查结果如下:

  • 2929 人只阅读烹饪杂志;
  • 3333 人只阅读旅行杂志;
  • 4242 人只阅读体育杂志;
  • 1717 人阅读烹饪和体育杂志,但不阅读旅行杂志;
  • 1111 人阅读旅行和体育杂志,但不阅读烹饪杂志;
  • 2222 人阅读烹饪和旅行杂志,但不阅读体育杂志;
  • 3232 人三类杂志都不阅读。

(a) 使用这些信息完成第 1111 页的文氏图。

从这些成年人中随机选出一人。

(b) 求此人满足下列条件的概率:

(i) 同时阅读烹饪、旅行和体育杂志;

(ii) 不阅读烹饪杂志。

已知此人阅读旅行杂志,

(c) 求此人也阅读体育杂志的概率。

解答

(a)

解法一

思路

展开

题目已经给出所有“only”和“两类但不是第三类”的人数,以及三个都不读的人数。唯一缺的是三类都读的人数。

把已知人数相加,再用总人数 200200 减去即可。

答题过程

展开

The number who read all three types of magazine is

 200−(29+33+42+17+11+22+32)= 200−186= 14.\begin{align*} &\,200-(29+33+42+17+11+22+32)\\ =&\,200-186\\ =&\,14. \end{align*}

So the completed Venn diagram has:

RegionFrequencyCooking only29Travel only33Sport only42Cooking and Sport only17Travel and Sport only11Cooking and Travel only22All three14None32\begin{array}{c|c} \text{Region} & \text{Frequency}\\ \hline \text{Cooking only} & 29\\ \text{Travel only} & 33\\ \text{Sport only} & 42\\ \text{Cooking and Sport only} & 17\\ \text{Travel and Sport only} & 11\\ \text{Cooking and Travel only} & 22\\ \text{All three} & 14\\ \text{None} & 32 \end{array}

(b)(i)

解法一

思路

展开

三类都读的人数是上一小题求出的 1414,总人数是 200200。

答题过程

展开 P(Cooking and Travel and Sport)=14200.P(\text{Cooking and Travel and Sport}) =\frac{14}{200}.

(b)(ii)

解法一

思路

展开

不读 cooking 的区域包括:只读 travel、只读 sport、travel and sport only,以及三类都不读。

答题过程

展开

The number who do not read cooking magazines is

33+42+11+32=118.\begin{align*} 33+42+11+32=118. \end{align*}

Therefore

P(does not read cooking)=118200.P(\text{does not read cooking}) =\frac{118}{200}.

解法二

思路

展开

用总人数减去阅读烹饪杂志的人数,再除以 200200。

答题过程

展开

The number who read cooking magazines is

n(Cooking)= 29+22+17+14=82.\begin{align*} n(\text{Cooking})=&\,29+22+17+14=82. \end{align*}

Therefore

P(does not read cooking)= 200−82200= 118200.\begin{align*} P(\text{does not read cooking}) =&\,\frac{200-82}{200}\\ =&\,\frac{118}{200}. \end{align*}

(c)

解法一

思路

展开

这是条件概率。已知这个人读 travel,所以分母是所有读 travel 的人数。分子是同时读 travel 和 sport 的人数。

答题过程

展开

The number who read travel magazines is

33+22+11+14=80.\begin{align*} 33+22+11+14=80. \end{align*}

The number who read both travel and sport magazines is

11+14=25.\begin{align*} 11+14=25. \end{align*}

Therefore

P(Sport∣Travel)=2580.P(\text{Sport}\mid \text{Travel}) =\frac{25}{80}.