题目
Students in class A and class B sit a statistics test. There are students in class A and students in class B.
The marks, , for students in each class are summarised in the table below.
| Class A | |||
| Class B |
The two classes are combined into one group of students. The mean mark for all students is .
(a) Show that
(b) Find the standard deviation of the marks for all students.
Following moderation, each student in class B has their mark increased by .
(c) Without further calculations state, giving a reason in each case, the effect this will have on
(i) the variance of the marks for class B
(ii) the mean mark for all students
(iii) the standard deviation of the marks for all students.
题目中文翻译
A 班和 B 班学生参加一次统计测试。A 班有 人,B 班有 人,各班分数 的汇总统计量如上表所示。
两班合并为 人的一组,总体平均分为 。
(a) 证明 。(2 分)
(b) 求全部 人分数的标准差。(2 分)
调整评分后,B 班每位学生的分数增加 分。
(c) 不作进一步计算,分别说明这一变化对以下各项的影响,并各给出理由:
(i) B 班分数的方差;(ii) 全部 人的平均分;(iii) 全部 人分数的标准差。(共 3 分)
解答
(a)
解法一
思路
展开
总平均数是总分除以总人数。先用总平均数求出两班总分,再减去 A 班总分,得到 B 班总分,最后除以 。
答题过程
展开
The total mark for all students is
The total mark for class A is
So the total mark for class B is
Therefore
Hence .
(b)
解法一
思路
展开
合并后的标准差用
这里 要把两个班的 相加,,。
答题过程
展开
For all students,
Therefore
So the standard deviation is
to significant figures.
解法二
思路
展开
也可以使用分母为 的样本标准差,得到 。先求合并数据的 ,再除以 并开平方。
答题过程
展开
For all students, and .
The sample standard deviation is
(c)
解法一
思路
展开
给 B 班每个人都加 ,不会改变 B 班内部的离散程度,所以 B 班方差不变。整体平均数一定增加,因为总分增加。整体标准差会减小,因为 B 班原本均值 低于 A 班均值 ,加 后变成 ,两班均值更接近。
答题过程
展开
(i) The variance of class B remains unchanged.
Adding to every mark in class B does not change the spread of the marks.
(ii) The mean mark for all students increases.
The total mark increases because each of the students in class B gains marks.
(iii) The standard deviation of the marks for all students decreases.
The mean mark of class B becomes closer to the mean mark of class A, so the marks are less spread out overall.