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S1 2025 May Q2

A Level / Edexcel / S1

IAL 2025 May Paper · Question 2

题目

Problem

Students in class A and class B sit a statistics test. There are 2424 students in class A and 3030 students in class B.

The marks, xx, for students in each class are summarised in the table below.

nnxˉ\bar{x}∑x2\sum x^2
Class A2424474766 87666\,876
Class B3030bb73 82673\,826

The two classes are combined into one group of 5454 students. The mean mark for all 5454 students is 4545.

(a) Show that b=43.4b=43.4

(2)

(b) Find the standard deviation of the marks for all 5454 students.

(2)

Following moderation, each student in class B has their mark increased by 22.

(c) Without further calculations state, giving a reason in each case, the effect this will have on

(i) the variance of the marks for class B

(ii) the mean mark for all 5454 students

(iii) the standard deviation of the marks for all 5454 students.

(3)
题目中文翻译

A 班和 B 班学生参加一次统计测试。A 班有 2424 人,B 班有 3030 人,各班分数 xx 的汇总统计量如上表所示。

两班合并为 5454 人的一组,总体平均分为 4545。

(a) 证明 b=43.4b=43.4。(2 分)

(b) 求全部 5454 人分数的标准差。(2 分)

调整评分后,B 班每位学生的分数增加 22 分。

(c) 不作进一步计算,分别说明这一变化对以下各项的影响,并各给出理由:

(i) B 班分数的方差;(ii) 全部 5454 人的平均分;(iii) 全部 5454 人分数的标准差。(共 3 分)

解答

(a)

解法一

思路

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总平均数是总分除以总人数。先用总平均数求出两班总分,再减去 A 班总分,得到 B 班总分,最后除以 3030。

答题过程

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The total mark for all 5454 students is

54×45=2430.\begin{align*} 54\times45=2430. \end{align*}

The total mark for class A is

24×47=1128.\begin{align*} 24\times47=1128. \end{align*}

So the total mark for class B is

2430−1128=1302.\begin{align*} 2430-1128=1302. \end{align*}

Therefore

b= 130230= 43.4.\begin{align*} b =&\,\frac{1302}{30}\\ =&\,43.4. \end{align*}

Hence b=43.4b=43.4.

(b)

解法一

思路

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合并后的标准差用

s=∑x2n−xˉ2.\begin{align*} s=\sqrt{\frac{\sum x^2}{n}-\bar{x}^2}. \end{align*}

这里 ∑x2\sum x^2 要把两个班的 ∑x2\sum x^2 相加,xˉ=45\bar{x}=45,n=54n=54。

答题过程

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For all 5454 students,

∑x2=66876+73826=140702.\begin{align*} \sum x^2=66876+73826=140702. \end{align*}

Therefore

s= ∑x2n−xˉ2= 14070254−452= 2605.592…−2025= 580.592…= 24.095….\begin{align*} s =&\,\sqrt{\frac{\sum x^2}{n}-\bar{x}^2}\\ =&\,\sqrt{\frac{140702}{54}-45^2}\\ =&\,\sqrt{2605.592\ldots-2025}\\ =&\,\sqrt{580.592\ldots}\\ =&\,24.095\ldots. \end{align*}

So the standard deviation is

24.1\begin{align*} 24.1 \end{align*}

to 33 significant figures.

解法二

思路

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也可以使用分母为 n−1n-1 的样本标准差,得到 24.324.3。先求合并数据的 SxxS_{xx},再除以 5353 并开平方。

答题过程

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For all 5454 students, ∑x=2430\sum x=2430 and ∑x2=140702\sum x^2=140702.

Sxx= 140702−2430254= 31352.\begin{align*} S_{xx}=&\,140702-\frac{2430^2}{54}\\ =&\,31352. \end{align*}

The sample standard deviation is

s= 3135254−1= 24.321742…= 24.3(3 s.f.).\begin{align*} s=&\,\sqrt{\frac{31352}{54-1}}\\ =&\,24.321742\ldots\\ =&\,24.3\quad(3\text{ s.f.}). \end{align*}

(c)

解法一

思路

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给 B 班每个人都加 22,不会改变 B 班内部的离散程度,所以 B 班方差不变。整体平均数一定增加,因为总分增加。整体标准差会减小,因为 B 班原本均值 43.443.4 低于 A 班均值 4747,加 22 后变成 45.445.4,两班均值更接近。

答题过程

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(i) The variance of class B remains unchanged.

Adding 22 to every mark in class B does not change the spread of the marks.

(ii) The mean mark for all 5454 students increases.

The total mark increases because each of the 3030 students in class B gains 22 marks.

(iii) The standard deviation of the marks for all 5454 students decreases.

The mean mark of class B becomes closer to the mean mark of class A, so the marks are less spread out overall.