One side of a square is measured to the nearest centimetre and this measurement is multiplied by 4 to estimate the perimeter of the square. The random variable, W cm, represents the estimated perimeter of the square minus the true perimeter of the square.
W is uniformly distributed over the interval [a,b].
(a) Explain why a=−2 and b=2
(1)
The standard deviation of W is σ.
(b) (i) Find σ
(ii) Find the probability that the estimated perimeter of the square is within σ of the true perimeter of the square.
(4)
One side of each of 100 squares are now measured. Using a suitable approximation,
(c) find the probability that W is greater than 1.9 for at least 5 of these squares.
(4)
(Total for Question 6 is 9 marks)
题目中文翻译
将正方形的一条边长测量到最接近的厘米,再把测量结果乘以 4,以估算正方形的周长。随机变量 W cm 表示正方形的估计周长减去真实周长。
W 在区间 [a,b] 上服从均匀分布。
(a) 解释为什么 a=−2 且 b=2。
W 的标准差为 σ。
(b) (i) 求 σ。
(ii) 求正方形的估计周长与真实周长之差不超过 σ 的概率。
现在测量 100 个正方形各自的一条边。使用适当的近似,
(c) 求这 100 个正方形中至少有 5 个满足 W>1.9 的概率。
(第 6 题共 9 分)
解答
(a)
解法一
思路
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边长测量到最接近的厘米,表示测量误差介于 −0.5 cm 与 0.5 cm 之间。估计周长把边长乘以 4,因此周长估计误差也乘以 4,并且既可能低估也可能高估。
答题过程
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The error in measuring one side lies between −0.5 cm and 0.5 cm. Since the measured side is multiplied by 4, the error in the estimated perimeter lies between