题目
The owner of a very large youth club has designed a new method for allocating people to teams. Before introducing the method he decided to find out how the members of the youth club might react.
(a) Explain why the owner decided to take a random sample of the youth club members rather than ask all the youth club members.
(b) Suggest a suitable sampling frame.
(c) Identify the sampling units.
The new method uses a bag containing a large number of balls. Each ball is numbered either 20, 50 or 70 When a ball is selected at random, the random variable X represents the number on the ball where P(X = 20) = p, P(X = 50) = q, P(X = 70) = r
A youth club member takes a ball from the bag, records its number and replaces it in the bag. He then takes a second ball from the bag, records its number and replaces it in the bag. The random variable M is the mean of the 2 numbers recorded.
Given that , and
(d) show that
(Total for Question 6 is 10 marks)
题目中文翻译
一位大型青年俱乐部的负责人设计了一种新的分组方法。在引入该方法之前,他决定了解俱乐部成员可能的反应。
(a) 解释为什么负责人决定抽取俱乐部成员的随机样本,而不是询问所有成员。
(b) 提出一个合适的抽样框。
(c) 指出抽样单位。
新的方法使用一个装有许多球的袋子。每个球上写着 20、50 或 70 之一。
随机选取一个球时,随机变量 表示球上的数字,其中
。
一名俱乐部成员从袋中取出一个球,记下数字后放回袋中。 然后再取出第二个球,记下数字后再放回袋中。 随机变量 表示记录下的两个数字的平均数。
已知 、,且 。
(d) 证明 。
(第 6 题共 10 分)
解答
(a)
解法一
思路
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青年俱乐部规模很大,询问全体成员需要更多时间、费用与工作量。随机样本可以用较少资源了解总体反应。
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Taking a random sample is quicker and cheaper than asking every member of the very large youth club.
(b)
解法一
思路
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抽样框必须覆盖总体中的所有成员,因此可以使用俱乐部全体成员的完整名册、登记册或数据库。
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A suitable sampling frame is a complete list, register or database of all youth club members.
(c)
解法一
思路
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抽样单位是实际被逐个抽取的对象;本题从青年俱乐部成员中抽样,所以每一名成员就是一个抽样单位。
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The sampling units are the individual youth club members.
(d)
解法一
思路
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两次抽球均放回,因此相互独立且每次概率相同。平均数为 20 只可能抽到两个 20,由此求 ;平均数为 60 只可能抽到 50 与 70,且有两个次序,由此得到 。再结合 求出 ,并用 选择正确对应关系。
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For , both selected balls must be numbered 20. Hence
Since is a probability,
Also, , so
For , the two numbers must be 50 and 70 in either order. Therefore,
Thus and are the roots of
Equivalently,
Hence the two values are and . Since ,
The mean is 50 only when both balls are numbered 50. Therefore,
as required.