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IAL 2021 June S2 Q5

A Level / Edexcel / S2

IAL 2021 June Paper · Question 5

题目

Problem

A game uses two turntables, one red and one yellow. Each turntable has a point marked on the circumference that is lined up with an arrow at the start of the game. Jim spins both turntables and measures the distance, in metres, each point is from the arrow, around the circumference in an anticlockwise direction when the turntables stop spinning.

The continuous random variable Y represents the distance, in metres, the point is from the arrow for the yellow turntable. The cumulative distribution function of Y is given by F(y) where

0 & y<0 \\ 1-(\alpha+\beta y^2) & 0 \leqslant y \leqslant 5 \\ 1 & y>5 \end{cases}$$ (a) Explain why (i) α = 1 (ii) β = -\dfrac{1}{25} <div style="text-align: right;">(2)</div> (b) Find the probability density function of Y <div style="text-align: right;">(2)</div> The continuous random variable R represents the distance, in metres, the point is from the arrow for the red turntable. The distribution of R is modelled by a continuous uniform distribution over the interval [d, 3d] Given that P(R > \dfrac{11}{5}) = P(Y > \dfrac{5}{3}) (c) find the value of d <div style="text-align: right;">(3)</div> In the game each turntable is spun 3 times. The distance between the point and the arrow is determined for each spin. To win a prize, at least 5 of the distances the point is from the arrow when a turntable is spun must be less than \dfrac{11}{5} Jo plays the game once. (d) Calculate the probability of Jo winning a prize. <div style="text-align: right;">(4)</div> (Total for Question 5 is 11 marks)
题目中文翻译

一个游戏使用两个转盘,一个红色,一个黄色。每个转盘的圆周上都有一个点,游戏开始时该点与箭头对齐。Jim 同时旋转两个转盘,并测量每个点在转盘停止时沿圆周按逆时针方向到箭头的距离(单位:米)。

连续随机变量 YY 表示黄色转盘上该点到箭头的距离。YY 的累计分布函数 F(y)F(y)

0 & y<0 \\ 1-(\alpha+\beta y^2) & 0 \leqslant y \leqslant 5 \\ 1 & y>5 \end{cases}$$ (a) 解释为什么 (i) $\alpha=1$,(ii) $\beta=-\dfrac{1}{25}$。 (b) 求 $Y$ 的概率密度函数。 连续随机变量 $R$ 表示红色转盘上该点到箭头的距离,其分布建模为区间 $[d,3d]$ 上的连续均匀分布。 已知 $P(R>\dfrac{11}{5})=P(Y>\dfrac{5}{3})$。 (c) 求 $d$ 的值。 游戏中每个转盘都旋转 3 次,并记录每次该点到箭头的距离。要赢得奖品,必须至少有 5 次距离小于 $\dfrac{11}{5}$。 Jo 玩一次游戏。 (d) 计算 Jo 获奖的概率。 (第 5 题共 11 分) </details> # 解答 ## (a)(i) ### 解法一 #### 思路 <details> <summary>展开</summary> 随机变量 $Y$ 不会小于 0,且它是连续随机变量,因此 $F(0)=0$。把 $y=0$ 代入中间一段的累计分布函数即可确定 $\alpha$。 </details> #### 答题过程 <details> <summary>展开</summary> Since $Y$ is continuous and cannot be negative,

F(0)=0.

Therefore, Therefore,

1-(\alpha+\beta\cdot0^2)=0,

so so

\boxed{\alpha=1}.

</details> ## (a)(ii) ### 解法一 #### 思路 <details> <summary>展开</summary> $Y$ 的最大可能值为 5,所以累计到 $y=5$ 时概率应为 1。代入 $F(5)=1$,并使用 (a)(i) 的 $\alpha=1$ 求 $\beta$。 </details> #### 答题过程 <details> <summary>展开</summary> Since $Y\leqslant5$,

F(5)=1.

Using $\alpha=1$,

\begin{align*} 1-(1+25\beta)=&,1 \[4mm] 1+25\beta=&,0 \[4mm] \beta=&,\boxed{-\frac1{25}}. \end{align*}

</details> ## (b) ### 解法一 #### 思路 <details> <summary>展开</summary> 代入 $\alpha=1$、$\beta=-1/25$ 后先化简 $F(y)$,再对中间一段求导。概率密度函数必须覆盖整个实数范围,所以定义域外也要写成 0。 </details> #### 答题过程 <details> <summary>展开</summary> For $0\leqslant y\leqslant5$,

F(y)=1-\left(1-\frac{y^2}{25}\right) =\frac{y^2}{25}.

Hence, Hence,

f(y)=\frac{\mathrm{d}F}{\mathrm{d}y} =\boxed{\begin{cases} \dfrac{2y}{25} & 0\leqslant y\leqslant5, \ 0 & \text{otherwise}. \end{cases}}

</details> ## (c) ### 解法一 #### 思路 <details> <summary>展开</summary> 先用累计分布函数求黄色转盘超过 $5/3$ 米的概率。红色转盘服从 $[d,3d]$ 上的均匀分布,所以超过 $11/5$ 的概率是相应区间长度之比;联立后求 $d$,并检查 $11/5$ 确实落在该区间内。 </details> #### 答题过程 <details> <summary>展开</summary>

\begin{align*} P\left(Y>\frac53\right) =&,1-F\left(\frac53\right) \[4mm] =&,1-\frac1{25}\left(\frac53\right)^2 \[4mm] =&,\frac89. \end{align*}

Since $R\sim U[d,3d]$,

P\left(R>\frac{11}{5}\right) =\frac{3d-\frac{11}{5}}{3d-d}.

Equatingthetwoprobabilities, Equating the two probabilities,

\begin{align*} \frac{3d-\frac{11}{5}}{2d}=&,\frac89 \[4mm] 9\left(3d-\frac{11}{5}\right)=&,16d \[4mm] 11d=&,\frac{99}{5} \[4mm] d=&,\boxed{\frac95}. \end{align*}

Indeed, Indeed,

d=\frac95<\frac{11}{5}<\frac{27}{5}=3d,

so the uniform-probability expression used above is valid. </details> ## (d) ### 解法一 #### 思路 <details> <summary>展开</summary> 分别求红、黄转盘一次旋转时距离小于 $11/5$ 的概率。总共各旋转 3 次,“至少 5 次成功”分为三种互斥情况:6 次全成功、红色恰有 2 次而黄色 3 次成功、红色 3 次而黄色恰有 2 次成功。 </details> #### 答题过程 <details> <summary>展开</summary> For one red spin,

\begin{align*} p_R =&,P\left(R<\frac{11}{5}\right) \[4mm] =&,\frac{\frac{11}{5}-\frac95} {\frac{27}{5}-\frac95} \[4mm] =&,\frac19. \end{align*}

Foroneyellowspin, For one yellow spin,

p_Y=P\left(Y<\frac{11}{5}\right) =F\left(\frac{11}{5}\right) =\frac{121}{625}.

Therefore, Therefore,

\begin{align*} P(\text{win}) =&,p_R^3p_Y^3 \[4mm] &,\hspace{2pt}+{3\choose2}p_R^2(1-p_R)p_Y^3 \[4mm] &,\hspace{4pt}+{3\choose2}p_R^3p_Y^2(1-p_Y) \[4mm] =&,0.000373226\ldots \[4mm] =&,\boxed{0.000373}\quad\text{(3 s.f.)}. \end{align*}

</details> </details>