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IAL 2022 Jan S2 Q1

A Level / Edexcel / S2

IAL 2022 Jan Paper · Question 1

题目

Problem

A local pottery makes cups. The number of faulty cups made by the pottery in a week follows a Poisson distribution with a mean of 6 In a randomly chosen week, the probability that there will be at least xx faulty cups made is 0.1528

(a) Find the value of xx

(3)

(b) Use a normal approximation to find the probability that in 6 randomly chosen weeks the total number of faulty cups made is fewer than 32

(4)

A week is called a “poor week” if at least xx faulty cups are made, where xx is the value found in part (a).

(c) Find the probability that in 50 randomly chosen weeks, more than 1 is a “poor week”.

(4)

(Total for Question 1 is 11 marks)

题目中文翻译

一家本地陶艺坊制作杯子。该陶艺坊每周生产的有瑕疵杯子数量服从均值为 6 的泊松分布。

在随机选取的一周中,至少有 xx 个有瑕疵杯子的概率为 0.1528。

(a) 求 xx 的值。

(b) 使用正态近似,求在随机选取的 6 周内,有瑕疵杯子总数少于 32 的概率。

如果至少有 xx 个有瑕疵杯子,则该周被称为“糟糕的一周”,其中 xx 为 (a) 中求得的值。

(c) 求在随机选取的 50 周中,超过 1 周是“糟糕的一周”的概率。

(第 1 题共 11 分)

解答

(a)

解法一

思路

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设一周内有瑕疵杯子的数量为 XX,则 XPo(6)X\sim\operatorname{Po}(6)。题目给的是上尾概率 P(Xx)=0.1528P(X\geqslant x)=0.1528,先转成累积概率 P(Xx1)=0.8472P(X\leqslant x-1)=0.8472,再查泊松分布表确定 x1x-1

答题过程

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Let XX be the number of faulty cups made in one week. Then

XPo(6).X\sim\operatorname{Po}(6).

Given that P(Xx)=0.1528P(X\geqslant x)=0.1528,

P(Xx1)=10.1528=0.8472.\begin{align*} P(X\leqslant x-1)=&\,1-0.1528\\[2mm] =&\,0.8472. \end{align*}

From the Poisson cumulative probability table,

P(X8)=0.8472.P(X\leqslant8)=0.8472.

Therefore x1=8x-1=8, so

x=9.\boxed{x=9}.

(b)

解法一

思路

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六周的总数仍服从泊松分布,均值为 6×6=366\times6=36。用正态分布近似时,均值和方差都取 3636;“少于 32”即不超过 31,所以连续性修正边界为 31.531.5

答题过程

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Let YY be the total number of faulty cups made in six weeks. Then

YPo(36).Y\sim\operatorname{Po}(36).

Using a normal approximation,

YN(36,36).Y\approx N(36,36).

Applying a continuity correction,

P(Y<32)=P(Y31)P(N<31.5)=P(Z<31.5366)=P(Z<0.75)=0.2266.\begin{align*} P(Y<32)=&\,P(Y\leqslant31)\\[2mm] \approx&\,P(N<31.5)\\[2mm] =&\,P\left( Z<\frac{31.5-36}{6} \right)\\[2mm] =&\,P(Z<-0.75)\\[2mm] =&\,0.2266. \end{align*}

Hence,

P(Y<32)0.227.\boxed{P(Y<32)\approx0.227}.

(c)

解法一

思路

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由 (a),一周成为“糟糕的一周”的概率就是题目给出的 0.15280.1528。50 周中糟糕周数服从二项分布。要求超过 1 周,使用补事件“0 周或 1 周”计算更简洁。

答题过程

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Let WW be the number of poor weeks among the 50 weeks. Since the probability of a poor week is 0.15280.1528,

WB(50,0.1528).W\sim\operatorname{B}(50,0.1528).

Therefore,

P(W>1)=1P(W1)=1P(W=0)P(W=1)=1(0.8472)5050(0.1528)(0.8472)49=0.99748\begin{align*} P(W>1)=&\,1-P(W\leqslant1)\\[2mm] =&\,1-P(W=0)-P(W=1)\\[2mm] =&\,1-(0.8472)^{50}\\[2mm] &\,\hspace{2pt}-50(0.1528)(0.8472)^{49}\\[2mm] =&\,0.99748\ldots \end{align*}

Thus,

P(W>1)=0.997(3 s.f.).\boxed{P(W>1)=0.997}\quad\text{(3 s.f.)}.