题目
Problem
A local pottery makes cups. The number of faulty cups made by the pottery in a week follows a Poisson distribution with a mean of 6
In a randomly chosen week, the probability that there will be at least x faulty cups made is 0.1528
(a) Find the value of x
(3)
(b) Use a normal approximation to find the probability that in 6 randomly chosen weeks the total number of faulty cups made is fewer than 32
(4)
A week is called a “poor week” if at least x faulty cups are made, where x is the value found in part (a).
(c) Find the probability that in 50 randomly chosen weeks, more than 1 is a “poor week”.
(4)
(Total for Question 1 is 11 marks)
题目中文翻译
一家本地陶艺坊制作杯子。该陶艺坊每周生产的有瑕疵杯子数量服从均值为 6 的泊松分布。
在随机选取的一周中,至少有 x 个有瑕疵杯子的概率为 0.1528。
(a) 求 x 的值。
(b) 使用正态近似,求在随机选取的 6 周内,有瑕疵杯子总数少于 32 的概率。
如果至少有 x 个有瑕疵杯子,则该周被称为“糟糕的一周”,其中 x 为 (a) 中求得的值。
(c) 求在随机选取的 50 周中,超过 1 周是“糟糕的一周”的概率。
(第 1 题共 11 分)
解答
(a)
解法一
思路
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设一周内有瑕疵杯子的数量为 X,则 X∼Po(6)。题目给的是上尾概率 P(X⩾x)=0.1528,先转成累积概率 P(X⩽x−1)=0.8472,再查泊松分布表确定 x−1。
答题过程
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Let X be the number of faulty cups made in one week. Then
X∼Po(6).
Given that P(X⩾x)=0.1528,
P(X⩽x−1)==1−0.15280.8472.
From the Poisson cumulative probability table,
P(X⩽8)=0.8472.
Therefore x−1=8, so
x=9.
(b)
解法一
思路
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六周的总数仍服从泊松分布,均值为 6×6=36。用正态分布近似时,均值和方差都取 36;“少于 32”即不超过 31,所以连续性修正边界为 31.5。
答题过程
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Let Y be the total number of faulty cups made in six weeks. Then
Y∼Po(36).
Using a normal approximation,
Y≈N(36,36).
Applying a continuity correction,
P(Y<32)=≈===P(Y⩽31)P(N<31.5)P(Z<631.5−36)P(Z<−0.75)0.2266.
Hence,
P(Y<32)≈0.227.
(c)
解法一
思路
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由 (a),一周成为“糟糕的一周”的概率就是题目给出的 0.1528。50 周中糟糕周数服从二项分布。要求超过 1 周,使用补事件“0 周或 1 周”计算更简洁。
答题过程
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Let W be the number of poor weeks among the 50 weeks. Since the probability of a poor week is 0.1528,
W∼B(50,0.1528).
Therefore,
P(W>1)====1−P(W⩽1)1−P(W=0)−P(W=1)1−(0.8472)50−50(0.1528)(0.8472)490.99748…
Thus,
P(W>1)=0.997(3 s.f.).