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S2 2022 June Q2

A Level / Edexcel / S2

IAL 2022 June Paper · Question 2

题目

Problem

The time, in minutes, spent waiting for a call to a call centre to be answered is modelled by the random variable TT with probability density function

 f(t)= {t3−48t+128192,0⩽t⩽4,0,otherwise.\begin{aligned} &\,f(t)=\\ &\,\begin{cases} \dfrac{t^3-48t+128}{192},\\ \qquad0\leqslant t\leqslant4,\\[2mm] 0,\quad\text{otherwise}. \end{cases} \end{aligned}

(a) Use algebraic integration to find, in minutes and seconds, the mean waiting time.

(3)

(b) Show that P(1<T<3)=716P(1 < T < 3) = \dfrac{7}{16}

(3)

A supervisor randomly selects 256 calls to the call centre.

(c) Use a suitable approximation to find the probability that more than 125 of these calls take between 1 and 3 minutes to be answered.

(5)

(Total for Question 2 is 11 marks)

题目中文翻译

等待呼叫中心接听电话所花费的时间(单位:分钟)用随机变量 TT 建模,其概率密度函数为

 f(t)= {t3−48t+128192,0⩽t⩽4,0,otherwise.\begin{aligned} &\,f(t)=\\ &\,\begin{cases} \dfrac{t^3-48t+128}{192},\\ \qquad0\leqslant t\leqslant4,\\[2mm] 0,\quad\text{otherwise}. \end{cases} \end{aligned}

(a) 使用代数积分求平均等待时间,答案用分钟和秒表示。

(3)

(b) 证明 P(1<T<3)=716P(1 < T < 3) = \dfrac{7}{16}。

(3)

一位主管随机抽取打给该呼叫中心的 256 通电话。

(c) 使用适当的近似方法,求这些呼叫中超过 125 个的等待时间介于 1 到 3 分钟之间的概率。

(5)

(第 2 题共 11 分)

解答

(a)

解法一

思路

展开

连续型随机变量的均值为 E⁡(T)=∫tf(t) dt\operatorname{E}(T)=\int t f(t)\,\mathrm{d}t。在定义域 0⩽t⩽40\leqslant t\leqslant4 上积分得到以分钟为单位的均值,再把不足 1 分钟的部分乘以 60 转换成秒。

答题过程

展开  E⁡(T) =∫04tf(t) dt =1192∫04(t4−48t2 +128t) dt =1192[t55−16t3 +64t2]04 =1192(455−16(43) +64(42)−0) =1615 minutes.\begin{align*} &\,\operatorname{E}(T)\\ &\,=\int_0^4t f(t)\,\mathrm{d}t\\ &\,=\frac{1}{192}\int_0^4 \Big(t^4-48t^2\\ &\,\hspace{12pt}+128t\Big)\,\mathrm{d}t\\ &\,=\frac{1}{192}\Big[\frac{t^5}{5}-16t^3\\ &\,\hspace{12pt}+64t^2\Big]_0^4\\ &\,=\frac{1}{192}\Big(\frac{4^5}{5}-16(4^3)\\ &\,\hspace{12pt}+64(4^2)-0\Big)\\ &\,=\frac{16}{15}\text{ minutes}. \end{align*}

Now

 1615=1+115, 115×60=4 seconds.\begin{align*} &\,\frac{16}{15}=1+\frac{1}{15},\\ &\,\frac{1}{15}\times60=4\text{ seconds}. \end{align*}

Therefore, the mean waiting time is

1 minute 4 seconds.\boxed{1\text{ minute }4\text{ seconds}}.

(b)

解法一

思路

展开

直接把概率密度函数从 1 积分到 3。由于题目要求证明指定结果,必须清楚写出积分、代入上下限及化简过程,使结果自然得到 716\dfrac{7}{16}。

答题过程

展开  P(1<T<3) =1192∫13(t3−48t +128) dt =1192[t44−24t2 +128t]13.\begin{align*} &\,P(1<T<3)\\ &\,=\frac{1}{192}\int_1^3 \Big(t^3-48t\\ &\,\hspace{12pt}+128\Big)\,\mathrm{d}t\\ &\,=\frac{1}{192}\Big[\frac{t^4}{4}-24t^2\\ &\,\hspace{12pt}+128t\Big]_1^3. \end{align*}

The upper and lower endpoint values of the bracket are

 344−24(32)+128(3) =814−216+384 =7534, 144−24(12)+128(1) =14−24+128 =4174.\begin{align*} &\,\frac{3^4}{4}-24(3^2)+128(3)\\ &\,=\frac{81}{4}-216+384\\ &\,=\frac{753}{4},\\[2mm] &\,\frac{1^4}{4}-24(1^2)+128(1)\\ &\,=\frac{1}{4}-24+128\\ &\,=\frac{417}{4}. \end{align*}

Therefore,

 P(1<T<3) =1192(7534−4174) =84192 =716,\begin{align*} &\,P(1<T<3)\\ &\,=\frac{1}{192} \Big(\frac{753}{4}-\frac{417}{4}\Big)\\ &\,=\frac{84}{192}\\ &\,=\frac{7}{16}, \end{align*}

as required.

(c)

解法一

思路

展开

由 (b),每个呼叫等待时间介于 1 和 3 分钟之间的概率为 716\dfrac{7}{16}。256 个独立呼叫中满足条件的个数服从二项分布;因样本量较大,可用均值和方差相同的正态分布近似。“超过 125 个”表示至少 126 个,所以连续性修正后的边界为 125.5125.5。

答题过程

展开

Let CC be the number of calls that take between 1 and 3 minutes to be answered. From part (b),

C∼B⁡(256,716).C\sim\operatorname{B}\left(256,\frac{7}{16}\right).

Its mean and variance are

 μ=np =256×716 =112, σ2=np(1−p) =256×716×916 =63.\begin{align*} &\,\mu=np\\ &\,=256\times\frac{7}{16}\\ &\,=112,\\[2mm] &\,\sigma^2=np(1-p)\\ &\,=256\times\frac{7}{16}\times\frac{9}{16}\\ &\,=63. \end{align*}

Use a normal approximation with the same mean and variance:

V∼N(112,63).V\sim N(112,63).

Let Z=(V−112)/63Z=(V-112)/\sqrt{63}, so Z∼N(0,1)Z\sim N(0,1). Using a continuity correction,

 P(C>125) =P(C⩾126) ≈P(V>125.5) =P(Z>125.5−11263) ≈P(Z>1.70) =1−0.9554 =0.0446.\begin{align*} &\,P(C>125)\\ &\,=P(C\geqslant126)\\ &\,\approx P(V>125.5)\\ &\,=P\Big(Z>\frac{125.5-112}{\sqrt{63}}\Big)\\ &\,\approx P(Z>1.70)\\ &\,=1-0.9554\\ &\,=\boxed{0.0446}. \end{align*}