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IAL 2022 June S2 Q2

A Level / Edexcel / S2

IAL 2022 June Paper · Question 2

题目

Problem

The time, in minutes, spent waiting for a call to a call centre to be answered is modelled by the random variable TT with probability density function

\dfrac{1}{192}(t^3 - 48t + 128) & 0 \leqslant t \leqslant 4 \\ 0 & \text{otherwise} \end{cases}$$ (a) Use algebraic integration to find, in minutes and seconds, the mean waiting time. <div style="text-align: right;">(3)</div> (b) Show that $P(1 < T < 3) = \dfrac{7}{16}$ <div style="text-align: right;">(3)</div> A supervisor randomly selects 256 calls to the call centre. (c) Use a suitable approximation to find the probability that more than 125 of these calls take between 1 and 3 minutes to be answered. <div style="text-align: right;">(5)</div> (Total for Question 2 is 11 marks)
题目中文翻译

等待呼叫中心接听电话所花费的时间(单位:分钟)用随机变量 TT 建模,其概率密度函数为

\dfrac{1}{192}(t^3 - 48t + 128) & 0 \leqslant t \leqslant 4 \\ 0 & \text{otherwise} \end{cases}$$ (a) 使用代数积分求平均等待时间,答案用分钟和秒表示。 (b) 证明 $P(1 < T < 3) = \dfrac{7}{16}$。 随机抽取 256 个呼叫。 (c) 使用适当的近似方法,求这些呼叫中超过 125 个的等待时间介于 1 到 3 分钟之间的概率。 (第 2 题共 11 分) </details> # 解答 ## (a) ### 解法一 #### 思路 <details> <summary>展开</summary> 连续型随机变量的均值为 $\operatorname{E}(T)=\int t f(t)\,\mathrm{d}t$。在定义域 $0\leqslant t\leqslant4$ 上积分得到以分钟为单位的均值,再把不足 1 分钟的部分乘以 60 转换成秒。 </details> #### 答题过程 <details> <summary>展开</summary>

\begin{align*} \operatorname{E}(T) =&,\int_0^4 t f(t),\mathrm{d}t \ =&,\frac{1}{192}\int_0^4 \big(t^4-48t^2+128t\big),\mathrm{d}t \ =&,\frac{1}{192} \left[\frac{t^5}{5}-16t^3+64t^2\right]_0^4 \ =&,\frac{1}{192} \left(\frac{4^5}{5}-16(4^3)+64(4^2)\right) \ =&,\frac{16}{15}\text{ minutes}. \end{align*}

Now Now

\frac{16}{15}\text{ minutes} =1\text{ minute}+\frac{1}{15}\times60\text{ seconds}.

Therefore,themeanwaitingtimeis Therefore, the mean waiting time is

\boxed{1\text{ minute }4\text{ seconds}}.

</details> ## (b) ### 解法一 #### 思路 <details> <summary>展开</summary> 直接把概率密度函数从 1 积分到 3。由于题目要求证明指定结果,必须清楚写出积分、代入上下限及化简过程,使结果自然得到 $\dfrac{7}{16}$。 </details> #### 答题过程 <details> <summary>展开</summary>

\begin{align*} P(1<T<3) =&,\frac{1}{192}\int_1^3 \big(t^3-48t+128\big),\mathrm{d}t \ =&,\frac{1}{192} \left[\frac{t^4}{4}-24t^2+128t\right]_1^3 \ =&,\frac{1}{192} \left[\left(\frac{81}{4}-216+384\right)\right. \ &,\hspace{2pt}\left. -\left(\frac{1}{4}-24+128\right)\right] \ =&,\frac{1}{192} \left(\frac{753}{4}-\frac{417}{4}\right) \ =&,\frac{84}{192} \ =&,\frac{7}{16}, \end{align*}

as required. </details> ## (c) ### 解法一 #### 思路 <details> <summary>展开</summary> 由 (b),每个呼叫等待时间介于 1 和 3 分钟之间的概率为 $\dfrac{7}{16}$。256 个独立呼叫中满足条件的个数服从二项分布;因样本量较大,可用均值和方差相同的正态分布近似。“超过 125 个”表示至少 126 个,所以连续性修正后的边界为 $125.5$。 </details> #### 答题过程 <details> <summary>展开</summary> Let $C$ be the number of calls that take between 1 and 3 minutes to be answered. From part (b),

C\sim\operatorname{B}\left(256,\frac{7}{16}\right).

Itsmeanandvarianceare Its mean and variance are

\begin{align*} \mu=&,np=256\times\frac{7}{16}=112, \ \sigma^2=&,np(1-p) \ =&,256\times\frac{7}{16}\times\frac{9}{16} \ =&,63. \end{align*}

Therefore, Therefore,

C\approx N(112,63).

Usingacontinuitycorrection, Using a continuity correction,

\begin{align*} P(C>125) =&,P(C\geqslant126) \ \approx&,P\left(Z>\frac{125.5-112}{\sqrt{63}}\right) \ =&,P(Z>1.70) \ =&,1-0.9554 \ =&,\boxed{0.0446}. \end{align*}

</details> </details>