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S2 2023 Oct Q4

A Level / Edexcel / S2

IAL 2023 Oct Paper · Question 4

题目

Problem

A manufacturer makes t-shirts in 3 sizes, small, medium and large.

20% of the t-shirts made by the manufacturer are small and sell for £10

30% of the t-shirts made by the manufacturer are medium and sell for £12

The rest of the t-shirts made by the manufacturer are large and sell for £15

(a) Find the mean value of the t-shirts made by the manufacturer.

(2)

A random sample of 3 t-shirts made by the manufacturer is taken.

(b) List all the possible combinations of the individual selling prices of these 3 t-shirts.

(2)

(c) Find the sampling distribution of the median selling price of these 3 t-shirts.

(6)

(Total for Question 4 is 10 marks)

题目中文翻译

一家制造商生产3 种尺码的 T 恤:小号、中号和大号。

• 该制造商生产的20% 的 T 恤是小号,售价为 10 英镑

• 该制造商生产的30% 的 T 恤是中号,售价为 12 英镑

• 其余的 T 恤是大号,售价为 15 英镑

(a) 求该制造商生产的 T 恤的平均价值。

(2)

随机抽取该制造商生产的3 件 T 恤作为样本。

(b) 列出这3 件 T 恤个体售价的所有可能组合。

(2)

(c) 求这3 件 T 恤中位数售价的抽样分布。

(6)

(第 4 题共 10 分)

解答

(a)

解法一

思路

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大号 T 恤所占比例为 1−0.2−0.3=0.51-0.2-0.3=0.5。把三种售价分别乘以对应概率后相加,即得每件 T 恤售价的期望值。

答题过程

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The probability that a t-shirt is large is

1−0.2−0.3=0.5.1-0.2-0.3=0.5.

Let XX be the selling price of one t-shirt. The mean selling price is

 E⁡(X) =0.2(10)+0.3(12) +0.5(15) =£13.10.\begin{align*} &\,\operatorname{E}(X)\\[2mm] &\,=0.2(10)+0.3(12)\\ &\,\hspace{2pt}+0.5(15)\\[2mm] &\,=\boxed{\pounds13.10}. \end{align*}

(b)

解法一

思路

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这里只需列出不计抽取顺序的价格组合。按非递减顺序排列三个价格,系统枚举 10、12、15 各出现三次、两次、一次或不出现的所有情况,共有 10 种。

答题过程

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The 10 possible unordered combinations are

Selling-price combination (£)
(10,10,10)(10,10,10)
(10,10,12)(10,10,12)
(10,10,15)(10,10,15)
(10,12,12)(10,12,12)
(10,12,15)(10,12,15)
(10,15,15)(10,15,15)
(12,12,12)(12,12,12)
(12,12,15)(12,12,15)
(12,15,15)(12,15,15)
(15,15,15)(15,15,15)

(c)

解法一

思路

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中位数只能是 10、12 或 15。利用 (b) 的组合逐类求概率:异价组合要乘以对应排列数;例如两件 10 加一件其他价格有 3 种排列,而三个价格各一件有 6 种排列。

答题过程

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The individual selling-price probabilities are

P(X=10)= 0.2,P(X=12)= 0.3,P(X=15)= 0.5.\begin{align*} P(X=10)=&\,0.2,\\ P(X=12)=&\,0.3,\\ P(X=15)=&\,0.5. \end{align*}

Let MM be the median selling price. For M=10M=10,

 P(M=10) =(0.2)3 +3(0.2)2(0.3) +3(0.2)2(0.5) =0.104=13125.\begin{align*} &\,P(M=10)\\[2mm] &\,=(0.2)^3\\ &\,\hspace{2pt}+3(0.2)^2(0.3)\\ &\,\hspace{4pt}+3(0.2)^2(0.5)\\ &\,=0.104=\frac{13}{125}. \end{align*}

For M=12M=12,

 P(M=12) =(0.3)3 +3(0.3)2(0.2) +3(0.3)2(0.5) +6(0.2)(0.3)(0.5) =0.396=99250.\begin{align*} &\,P(M=12)\\[2mm] &\,=(0.3)^3\\ &\,\hspace{2pt}+3(0.3)^2(0.2)\\ &\,\hspace{4pt}+3(0.3)^2(0.5)\\ &\,\hspace{6pt}+6(0.2)(0.3)(0.5)\\ &\,=0.396=\frac{99}{250}. \end{align*}

For M=15M=15,

 P(M=15) =(0.5)3 +3(0.5)2(0.3) +3(0.5)2(0.2) =0.5=12.\begin{align*} &\,P(M=15)\\[2mm] &\,=(0.5)^3\\ &\,\hspace{2pt}+3(0.5)^2(0.3)\\ &\,\hspace{4pt}+3(0.5)^2(0.2)\\ &\,=0.5=\frac12. \end{align*}

Hence the sampling distribution of MM is

mmP(M=m)P(M=m)
1013125\dfrac{13}{125}
1299250\dfrac{99}{250}
1512\dfrac12

解法二

思路

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三件样本的中位数为最低售价 10,当且仅当至少两件售价为 10;中位数为最高售价 15,当且仅当至少两件售价为 15。分别用二项概率求出这两端,再用总概率为 1 求中间的 P(M=12)P(M=12)。

答题过程

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The median is 10 when at least two of the three prices are 10. Thus

 P(M=10) =(32)(0.2)2(0.8) +(0.2)3 =0.104.\begin{align*} &\,P(M=10)\\[2mm] &\,=\binom32(0.2)^2(0.8)\\ &\,\hspace{2pt}+(0.2)^3\\ &\,=0.104. \end{align*}

Similarly, the median is 15 when at least two prices are 15:

 P(M=15) =(32)(0.5)2(0.5) +(0.5)3 =0.5.\begin{align*} &\,P(M=15)\\[2mm] &\,=\binom32(0.5)^2(0.5)\\ &\,\hspace{2pt}+(0.5)^3\\ &\,=0.5. \end{align*}

The same endpoint probabilities can also be found by subtracting the cases with at most one of the relevant price:

 P(M=10) =1−(0.8)3 −3(0.8)2(0.2) =0.104.\begin{align*} &\,P(M=10)\\[2mm] &\,=1-(0.8)^3\\ &\,\hspace{2pt}-3(0.8)^2(0.2)\\ &\,=0.104. \end{align*}  P(M=15) =1−(0.5)3 −3(0.5)2(0.5) =0.5.\begin{align*} &\,P(M=15)\\[2mm] &\,=1-(0.5)^3\\ &\,\hspace{2pt}-3(0.5)^2(0.5)\\ &\,=0.5. \end{align*}

Therefore,

 P(M=12) =1−P(M=10) −P(M=15) =1−0.104−0.5 =0.396.\begin{align*} &\,P(M=12)\\[2mm] &\,=1-P(M=10)\\ &\,\hspace{2pt}-P(M=15)\\ &\,=1-0.104-0.5\\ &\,=0.396. \end{align*}

This gives the same sampling distribution:

mmP(M=m)P(M=m)
100.1040.104
120.3960.396
150.50.5