题目
Problem
A manufacturer makes t-shirts in 3 sizes, small, medium and large.
20% of the t-shirts made by the manufacturer are small and sell for £10
30% of the t-shirts made by the manufacturer are medium and sell for £12
The rest of the t-shirts made by the manufacturer are large and sell for £15
(a) Find the mean value of the t-shirts made by the manufacturer.
(2)
A random sample of 3 t-shirts made by the manufacturer is taken.
(b) List all the possible combinations of the individual selling prices of these 3 t-shirts.
(2)
(c) Find the sampling distribution of the median selling price of these 3 t-shirts.
(6)
(Total for Question 4 is 10 marks)
题目中文翻译
一家制造商生产3 种尺码的 T 恤:小号、中号和大号。
• 该制造商生产的20% 的 T 恤是小号,售价为 10 英镑
• 该制造商生产的30% 的 T 恤是中号,售价为 12 英镑
• 其余的 T 恤是大号,售价为 15 英镑
(a) 求该制造商生产的 T 恤的平均价值。
随机抽取该制造商生产的3 件 T 恤作为样本。
(b) 列出这3 件 T 恤个体售价的所有可能组合。
(c) 求这3 件 T 恤中位数售价的抽样分布。
(第 4 题共 10 分)
解答
(a)
解法一
思路
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大号 T 恤所占比例为 1−0.2−0.3=0.5。把三种售价分别乘以对应概率后相加,即得每件 T 恤售价的期望值。
答题过程
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The probability that a t-shirt is large is
1−0.2−0.3=0.5.
Therefore, the mean selling price is
E(X)==0.2(10)+0.3(12)+0.5(15)£13.10.
(b)
解法一
思路
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这里只需列出不计抽取顺序的价格组合。按非递减顺序排列三个价格,系统枚举 10、12、15 各出现三次、两次、一次或不出现的所有情况,共有 10 种。
答题过程
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The 10 possible unordered combinations are
| | |
|---|
| (10,10,10) | (10,10,12) | (10,10,15) |
| (10,12,12) | (10,12,15) | (10,15,15) |
| (12,12,12) | (12,12,15) | (12,15,15) |
| (15,15,15) | | |
(c)
解法一
思路
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中位数只能是 10、12 或 15。利用 (b) 的组合逐类求概率:异价组合要乘以对应排列数;例如两件 10 加一件其他价格有 3 种排列,而三个价格各一件有 6 种排列。
答题过程
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The individual selling-price probabilities are
P(10)=0.2,P(12)=0.3,P(15)=0.5.
Let M be the median selling price. For M=10,
P(M=10)==(0.2)3+3(0.2)2(0.3)+3(0.2)2(0.5)0.104=12513.
For M=12,
P(M=12)==(0.3)3+3(0.3)2(0.2)+3(0.3)2(0.5)+6(0.2)(0.3)(0.5)0.396=25099.
For M=15,
P(M=15)==(0.5)3+3(0.5)2(0.3)+3(0.5)2(0.2)0.5=21.
Hence the sampling distribution of M is
| m | 10 | 12 | 15 |
|---|
| P(M=m) | 12513 | 25099 | 21 |
解法二
思路
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三件样本的中位数为最低售价 10,当且仅当至少两件售价为 10;中位数为最高售价 15,当且仅当至少两件售价为 15。分别用二项概率求出这两端,再用总概率为 1 求中间的 P(M=12)。
答题过程
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The median is 10 when at least two of the three prices are 10. Thus
P(M=10)==(23)(0.2)2(0.8)+(0.2)30.104.
Similarly, the median is 15 when at least two prices are 15:
P(M=15)==(23)(0.5)2(0.5)+(0.5)30.5.
Therefore,
P(M=12)===1−P(M=10)−P(M=15)1−0.104−0.50.396.
This gives the same sampling distribution:
| m | 10 | 12 | 15 |
|---|
| P(M=m) | 0.104 | 0.396 | 0.5 |