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IAL 2023 Oct S2 Q7

A Level / Edexcel / S2

IAL 2023 Oct Paper · Question 7

题目

Problem

The discrete random variable X is given by

X ~ B(n, p)

The value of n and the value of p are such that X can be approximated by a normal random variable Y where

Y ~ N(μ, σ²)

Given that when using a normal approximation

P(X < 86) = 0.2266 and P(X > 97) = 0.1056

(a) show that σ = 6

(7)

(b) Hence find the value of n and the value of p

(3)

(Total for Question 7 is 10 marks)

题目中文翻译

离散随机变量 X 为

X ~ B(n, p)

n 和 p 的值使得 X 可以用正态随机变量 Y 近似,其中

Y ~ N(μ, σ²)

已知使用正态近似时

P(X < 86) = 0.2266 且 P(X > 97) = 0.1056

(a) 证明 σ = 6

(b) 由此求 n 的值和 p 的值

(第 7 题共 10 分)

解答

(a)

解法一

思路

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把两个离散概率分别作连续性修正:X<86X<86X85X\leqslant85,对应正态边界 85.5;X>97X>97X98X\geqslant98,对应边界 97.5。由给定概率查标准正态分位数,得到两个含 μ,σ\mu,\sigma 的方程;两式相减消去 μ\mu,自然推出 σ=6\sigma=6

答题过程

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Using continuity corrections,

P(X<86)P(Y<85.5)=0.2266.P(X<86)\approx P(Y<85.5)=0.2266.

Since Φ(0.75)=0.2266\Phi(-0.75)=0.2266,

85.5μσ=0.75.\frac{85.5-\mu}{\sigma}=-0.75.

Also,

P(X>97)P(Y>97.5)=0.1056.P(X>97)\approx P(Y>97.5)=0.1056.

Since P(Z>1.25)=0.1056P(Z>1.25)=0.1056,

97.5μσ=1.25.\frac{97.5-\mu}{\sigma}=1.25.

Subtracting the first equation from the second gives

97.585.5σ=1.25(0.75),12σ=2,σ=6,\begin{align*} \frac{97.5-85.5}{\sigma}=&\,1.25-(-0.75),\\ \frac{12}{\sigma}=&\,2,\\ \sigma=&\,6, \end{align*}

as required.

(b)

解法一

思路

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先把 (a) 的 σ=6\sigma=6 代回任一标准化方程求 μ\mu。二项分布的正态近似满足 μ=np\mu=npσ2=np(1p)\sigma^2=np(1-p);用方差方程除以均值方程,可直接求出 pp,再求 nn

答题过程

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Using σ=6\sigma=6 in

85.5μ6=0.75\frac{85.5-\mu}{6}=-0.75

gives

μ=90.\mu=90.

For XB(n,p)X\sim\operatorname{B}(n,p),

np=μ=90np=\mu=90

and

np(1p)=σ2=36.np(1-p)=\sigma^2=36.

Dividing the second equation by the first,

1p=3690=0.4,1-p=\frac{36}{90}=0.4,

so

p=0.6.p=0.6.

Finally,

n=900.6=150.n=\frac{90}{0.6}=150.

Hence

n=150,p=0.6.\boxed{n=150,\qquad p=0.6}.