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S2 2023 Oct Q7

A Level / Edexcel / S2

IAL 2023 Oct Paper · Question 7

题目

Problem

The discrete random variable XX is given by

X∼B⁡(n,p)X\sim\operatorname{B}(n,p)

The value of nn and the value of pp are such that XX can be approximated by a normal random variable YY where

Y∼N⁡(μ,σ2)Y\sim\operatorname{N}(\mu,\sigma^2)

Given that when using a normal approximation

P(X<86)=0.2266P(X<86)=0.2266

and

P(X>97)=0.1056P(X>97)=0.1056

(a) show that σ=6\sigma=6

(7)

(b) Hence find the value of nn and the value of pp

(3)

(Total for Question 7 is 10 marks)

题目中文翻译

离散随机变量 XX 满足

X∼B⁡(n,p)X\sim\operatorname{B}(n,p)

nn 和 pp 的值使得 XX 可以用正态随机变量 YY 近似,其中

Y∼N⁡(μ,σ2)Y\sim\operatorname{N}(\mu,\sigma^2)

已知使用正态近似时

P(X<86)=0.2266P(X<86)=0.2266

且

P(X>97)=0.1056P(X>97)=0.1056

(a) 证明 σ=6\sigma=6。

(7)

(b) 由此求 nn 和 pp 的值。

(3)

(第 7 题共 10 分)

解答

(a)

解法一

思路

展开

把两个离散概率分别作连续性修正:X<86X<86 即 X⩽85X\leqslant85,对应正态边界 85.5;X>97X>97 即 X⩾98X\geqslant98,对应边界 97.5。由给定概率查标准正态分位数,得到两个含 μ,σ\mu,\sigma 的方程;两式相减消去 μ\mu,自然推出 σ=6\sigma=6。

答题过程

展开

Let Z∼N⁡(0,1)Z\sim\operatorname{N}(0,1). Using continuity corrections,

 P(X<86) ≈P(Y<85.5) =0.2266.\begin{align*} &\,P(X<86)\\[2mm] &\,\approx P(Y<85.5)\\ &\,=0.2266. \end{align*}

Since Φ(−0.75)=0.2266\Phi(-0.75)=0.2266,

85.5−μσ=−0.75.\frac{85.5-\mu}{\sigma}=-0.75.

Also,

 P(X>97) ≈P(Y>97.5) =0.1056.\begin{align*} &\,P(X>97)\\[2mm] &\,\approx P(Y>97.5)\\ &\,=0.1056. \end{align*}

Since P(Z>1.25)=0.1056P(Z>1.25)=0.1056,

97.5−μσ=1.25.\frac{97.5-\mu}{\sigma}=1.25.

Subtracting the first equation from the second gives

 97.5−85.5σ =1.25−(−0.75), 12σ=2, σ=6,\begin{align*} &\,\frac{97.5-85.5}{\sigma}\\[2mm] &\,=1.25-(-0.75),\\[2mm] &\,\frac{12}{\sigma}=2,\\[2mm] &\,\sigma=6, \end{align*}

as required.

(b)

解法一

思路

展开

先把 (a) 的 σ=6\sigma=6 代回任一标准化方程求 μ\mu。二项分布的正态近似满足 μ=np\mu=np、σ2=np(1−p)\sigma^2=np(1-p);用方差方程除以均值方程,可直接求出 pp,再求 nn。

答题过程

展开

Using σ=6\sigma=6 in

85.5−μ6=−0.75\frac{85.5-\mu}{6}=-0.75

gives

85.5−μ= −0.75(6),85.5−μ= −4.5,μ= 90.\begin{align*} 85.5-\mu=&\,-0.75(6),\\ 85.5-\mu=&\,-4.5,\\ \mu=&\,90. \end{align*}

For X∼B⁡(n,p)X\sim\operatorname{B}(n,p),

np=μ=90np=\mu=90

and

np(1−p)=σ2=36.np(1-p)=\sigma^2=36.

Dividing the second equation by the first,

1−p=3690=0.4,1-p=\frac{36}{90}=0.4,

so

p=0.6.p=0.6.

Finally,

n=900.6=150.n=\frac{90}{0.6}=150.

Hence

n=150,p=0.6.\boxed{n=150,\qquad p=0.6}.