Skip to content
CalcGospel 國際數學圖譜
返回

IAL 2024 Jan S2 Q5

A Level / Edexcel / S2

IAL 2024 Jan Paper · Question 5

题目

Problem

The random variable W has a continuous uniform distribution over the interval [–6, a] where a is a constant.

Given that Var(W) = 27

(a) show that a = 12

(2)

Given that P(W > b) = 3/5

(b) (i) find the value of b

(2)

(ii) find P(–12 < W < b/2)

(2)

A piece of wood AB has length 160 cm. The wood is cut at random into 2 pieces. Each of the pieces is then cut in half. The four pieces are used to form the sides of a rectangle.

(c) Calculate the probability that the area of the rectangle is greater than 975 cm²

(4)

(Total for Question 5 is 10 marks)

题目中文翻译

随机变量 W 在区间 [–6, a] 上服从连续均匀分布,其中 a 是常数。

已知 Var(W) = 27

(a) 证明 a = 12

已知 P(W > b) = 3/5

(b) (i) 求 b 的值

(ii) 求 P(–12 < W < b/2)

一块木板 AB 的长度为 160 厘米。将木板随机切成 2 块。然后将每块切成两半。这四块木板用来组成一个矩形的四条边。

(c) 计算该矩形面积大于 975 厘米² 的概率

(第 5 题共 10 分)

解答

(a)

解法一

思路

展开

连续均匀分布 U[l,u]\operatorname{U}[l,u] 的方差为 (ul)2/12(u-l)^2/12。这里区间长度是 a+6a+6;由定义必须有 a>6a>-6,因此开平方时只取正的区间长度。

答题过程

展开

For a continuous uniform distribution,

Var(W)=(a(6))212.\operatorname{Var}(W)=\frac{(a-(-6))^2}{12}.

Therefore,

(a+6)212=27,(a+6)2=324.\begin{align*} \frac{(a+6)^2}{12}=&\,27,\\ (a+6)^2=&\,324. \end{align*}

Since a>6a>-6, the interval length a+6a+6 is positive. Hence

a+6=18a=12.a+6=18 \quad\Longrightarrow\quad \boxed{a=12}.

(b)(i)

解法一

思路

展开

由 (a),WW[6,12][-6,12] 上均匀分布,区间总长为 18。事件 W>bW>b 对应长度 12b12-b;令长度之比等于 3/53/5,即可求出 bb

答题过程

展开

Since WU[6,12]W\sim\operatorname{U}[-6,12],

12b18=35,12b=545,b=1.2.\begin{align*} \frac{12-b}{18}=&\,\frac35,\\ 12-b=&\,\frac{54}{5},\\ b=&\,\boxed{1.2}. \end{align*}

(b)(ii)

解法一

思路

展开

b/2=0.6b/2=0.6。虽然事件写成 12<W<0.6-12<W<0.6,但 WW 的下界是 6-6,所以有效区间实际为 (6,0.6)(-6,0.6);用其长度除以总区间长度 18。

答题过程

展开

From part (b)(i),

b2=0.6.\frac b2=0.6.

Since WW cannot be less than 6-6,

P(12<W<b2)=P(6<W<0.6)=0.6(6)18=1130.\begin{align*} P\left(-12<W<\frac b2\right) =&\,P(-6<W<0.6)\\ =&\,\frac{0.6-(-6)}{18}\\ =&\,\boxed{\frac{11}{30}}. \end{align*}

(c)

解法一

思路

展开

设随机切点到 AA 的距离为 xx,则两段木料长为 xx160x160-x;各自再对半后,矩形边长为 x/2x/2(160x)/2(160-x)/2。先解面积等于 975 的边界,再利用面积二次函数在两根之间大于 975。切点在整段木料上均匀分布,所以所求概率是有利切点区间长度与 160 的比。

答题过程

展开

Let CC be the random cut point and let AC=xAC=x. The two side lengths of the rectangle are

x2and160x2.\frac x2 \quad\text{and}\quad \frac{160-x}{2}.

At the boundary where the area is 975 cm2975\text{ cm}^2,

x2(160x2)=975,x(160x)=3900,x2160x+3900=0,(x30)(x130)=0.\begin{align*} \frac x2\left(\frac{160-x}{2}\right)=&\,975,\\ x(160-x)=&\,3900,\\ x^2-160x+3900=&\,0,\\ (x-30)(x-130)=&\,0. \end{align*}

The area is greater than 975 cm2975\text{ cm}^2 when

30<x<130.30<x<130.

Since the cut point is uniformly distributed along the 160 cm length,

P(30<x<130)=13030160=58.P(30<x<130)=\frac{130-30}{160} =\boxed{\frac58}.

解法二

思路

展开

也可以直接把其中一条矩形边记为 L=x/2L=x/2。因为矩形周长是 160,所以相邻两边满足 L+W=80L+W=80,面积为 L(80L)L(80-L);而 LL[0,80][0,80] 上均匀分布。求出面积为 975 时的两个边界长度,再取中间区间的长度比。

答题过程

展开

Let one side length be LL. Then the adjacent side has length 80L80-L, and LL is uniformly distributed over [0,80][0,80].

At the boundary,

L(80L)=975,L280L+975=0,(L15)(L65)=0.\begin{align*} L(80-L)=&\,975,\\ L^2-80L+975=&\,0,\\ (L-15)(L-65)=&\,0. \end{align*}

Thus the area is greater than 975 cm2975\text{ cm}^2 when 15<L<6515<L<65. Therefore,

P(15<L<65)=651580=58.P(15<L<65)=\frac{65-15}{80} =\boxed{\frac58}.