题目
Problem
The random variable W has a continuous uniform distribution over the interval [–6, a] where a is a constant.
Given that Var(W) = 27
(a) show that a = 12
(2)
Given that P(W > b) = 3/5
(b) (i) find the value of b
(2)
(ii) find P(–12 < W < b/2)
(2)
A piece of wood AB has length 160 cm. The wood is cut at random into 2 pieces. Each of the pieces is then cut in half. The four pieces are used to form the sides of a rectangle.
(c) Calculate the probability that the area of the rectangle is greater than 975 cm²
(4)
(Total for Question 5 is 10 marks)
题目中文翻译
随机变量 W 在区间 [–6, a] 上服从连续均匀分布,其中 a 是常数。
已知 Var(W) = 27
(a) 证明 a = 12
已知 P(W > b) = 3/5
(b) (i) 求 b 的值
(ii) 求 P(–12 < W < b/2)
一块木板 AB 的长度为 160 厘米。将木板随机切成 2 块。然后将每块切成两半。这四块木板用来组成一个矩形的四条边。
(c) 计算该矩形面积大于 975 厘米² 的概率
(第 5 题共 10 分)
解答
(a)
解法一
思路
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连续均匀分布 U[l,u] 的方差为 (u−l)2/12。这里区间长度是 a+6;由定义必须有 a>−6,因此开平方时只取正的区间长度。
答题过程
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For a continuous uniform distribution,
Var(W)=12(a−(−6))2.
Therefore,
12(a+6)2=(a+6)2=27,324.
Since a>−6, the interval length a+6 is positive. Hence
a+6=18⟹a=12.
(b)(i)
解法一
思路
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由 (a),W 在 [−6,12] 上均匀分布,区间总长为 18。事件 W>b 对应长度 12−b;令长度之比等于 3/5,即可求出 b。
答题过程
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Since W∼U[−6,12],
1812−b=12−b=b=53,554,1.2.
(b)(ii)
解法一
思路
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b/2=0.6。虽然事件写成 −12<W<0.6,但 W 的下界是 −6,所以有效区间实际为 (−6,0.6);用其长度除以总区间长度 18。
答题过程
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From part (b)(i),
2b=0.6.
Since W cannot be less than −6,
P(−12<W<2b)===P(−6<W<0.6)180.6−(−6)3011.
(c)
解法一
思路
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设随机切点到 A 的距离为 x,则两段木料长为 x 与 160−x;各自再对半后,矩形边长为 x/2 与 (160−x)/2。先解面积等于 975 的边界,再利用面积二次函数在两根之间大于 975。切点在整段木料上均匀分布,所以所求概率是有利切点区间长度与 160 的比。
答题过程
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Let C be the random cut point and let AC=x. The two side lengths of the rectangle are
2xand2160−x.
At the boundary where the area is 975 cm2,
2x(2160−x)=x(160−x)=x2−160x+3900=(x−30)(x−130)=975,3900,0,0.
The area is greater than 975 cm2 when
30<x<130.
Since the cut point is uniformly distributed along the 160 cm length,
P(30<x<130)=160130−30=85.
解法二
思路
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也可以直接把其中一条矩形边记为 L=x/2。因为矩形周长是 160,所以相邻两边满足 L+W=80,面积为 L(80−L);而 L 在 [0,80] 上均匀分布。求出面积为 975 时的两个边界长度,再取中间区间的长度比。
答题过程
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Let one side length be L. Then the adjacent side has length 80−L, and L is uniformly distributed over [0,80].
At the boundary,
L(80−L)=L2−80L+975=(L−15)(L−65)=975,0,0.
Thus the area is greater than 975 cm2 when 15<L<65. Therefore,
P(15<L<65)=8065−15=85.