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IAL 2024 Oct S2 Q4

A Level / Edexcel / S2

IAL 2024 Oct Paper · Question 4

题目

Problem

(i) The continuous random variable XX is uniformly distributed over the interval [a,b][a, b]

Given that

  • P(X>27)=34P(X > 27) = \dfrac{3}{4}
  • Var(X)=300\text{Var}(X) = 300

(a) find the value of aa and the value of bb

(3)

Given also that

4×P(X<k10)=P(X>k+20)4 \times P(X < k - 10) = P(X > k + 20)

(b) find the value of kk

(2)

(ii) A piece of wire of length 42 cm is cut into 2 pieces at a random point.

Each of the two pieces of the wire is bent to form the outline of a square.

Find the probability that the side length of the larger square minus the side length of the smaller square will be greater than 2 cm.

(4)

(Total for Question 4 is 9 marks)

题目中文翻译

(i) 连续随机变量 XX 在区间 [a,b][a, b] 上均匀分布。

已知

  • P(X>27)=34P(X > 27) = \dfrac{3}{4}
  • Var(X)=300\text{Var}(X) = 300

(a) 求 aa 的值和 bb 的值。

又已知

4×P(X<k10)=P(X>k+20)4 \times P(X < k - 10) = P(X > k + 20)

(b) 求 kk 的值。

(ii) 一根长度为 42 cm 的铁丝在随机点处被剪成两段。

每段铁丝被弯成正方形的轮廓。

求较大正方形的边长减去较小正方形的边长大于 2 cm 的概率。

(第 4 题共 9 分)

解答

(i)(a)

解法一

思路

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均匀分布在子区间上的概率等于子区间长度与总区间长度之比,因此可把 P(X>27)=3/4P(X>27)=3/4 写成关于 a,ba,b 的方程。再用均匀分布的方差公式得到区间长度 bab-a,联立即可求出两个端点。

答题过程

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Since XU(a,b)X\sim U(a,b),

b27ba=34.\frac{b-27}{b-a}=\frac34.

Also,

Var(X)=(ba)212=300(ba)2=3600.\begin{align*} \operatorname{Var}(X)=&\,\frac{(b-a)^2}{12}=300\\ (b-a)^2=&\,3600. \end{align*}

As b>ab>a, it follows that

ba=60.b-a=60.

Therefore,

b2760=34b27=45b=72,\begin{align*} \frac{b-27}{60}=&\,\frac34\\ b-27=&\,45\\ b=&\,72, \end{align*}

and hence a=7260=12a=72-60=12. Thus

a=12,b=72.\boxed{a=12, \qquad b=72}.

(i)(b)

解法一

思路

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承接 (a) 的支撑区间 [12,72][12,72],把左右两个概率分别写成相应区间长度除以 60。解方程后还要确认两个界点 k10k-10k+20k+20 都落在支撑区间内。

答题过程

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Using a=12a=12 and b=72b=72 from part (a),

P(X<k10)=k2260P(X<k-10)=\frac{k-22}{60}

and

P(X>k+20)=52k60.P(X>k+20)=\frac{52-k}{60}.

Substituting these into the given relation and multiplying by 60 gives

4(k22)=52k5k=140k=28.\begin{align*} 4(k-22)=&\,52-k\\ 5k=&\,140\\ k=&\,\boxed{28}. \end{align*}

Indeed, k10=18k-10=18 and k+20=48k+20=48 both lie in [12,72][12,72].

(ii)

解法一

思路

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LL 为较长一段铁丝的长度,则 21L4221\leq L\leq42,且 LL 在该区间上均匀分布;较短一段长 42L42-L。两个正方形的边长分别为两段铁丝长度除以 4。先解边长差大于 2 的不等式,再用均匀分布的区间长度比求概率。

答题过程

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Let LL be the length of the longer piece. Then

LU(21,42).L\sim U(21,42).

The required condition is

L442L4>22L42>8L>25.\begin{align*} \frac{L}{4}-\frac{42-L}{4}>&\,2\\ 2L-42>&\,8\\ L>&\,25. \end{align*}

Therefore,

P(L>25)=42254221=1721.\begin{align*} P(L>25)=&\,\frac{42-25}{42-21}\\ =&\,\boxed{\frac{17}{21}}. \end{align*}

解法二

思路

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也可令 CC 为从铁丝一端量起的随机切点,则 CU(0,42)C\sim U(0,42),两段长度为 CC42C42-C。分两种情况解两段对应正方形边长之差的绝对值大于 2,再把两端区间的概率相加。

答题过程

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Let CU(0,42)C\sim U(0,42) be the distance of the cut from one end. The condition is

C(42C)>8.|C-(42-C)|>8.

Thus

2C42>8,|2C-42|>8,

which gives

C<17orC>25.C<17 \qquad\text{or}\qquad C>25.

Therefore,

P=17042+422542=1721.\begin{align*} P=&\,\frac{17-0}{42}\\ &\,+\frac{42-25}{42}\\ =&\,\boxed{\frac{17}{21}}. \end{align*}

解法三

思路

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还可直接令 SS 为较大正方形的边长。较长铁丝长度在 [21,42][21,42] 上均匀分布,除以 4 后有 SU(5.25,10.5)S\sim U(5.25,10.5);较小正方形边长为 10.5S10.5-S

答题过程

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Let SS be the side length of the larger square. Then

SU(5.25,10.5).S\sim U(5.25,10.5).

The side length of the smaller square is 10.5S10.5-S, so

S(10.5S)>22S>12.5S>6.25.\begin{align*} S-(10.5-S)>&\,2\\ 2S>&\,12.5\\ S>&\,6.25. \end{align*}

Hence

P(S>6.25)=10.56.2510.55.25=4.255.25=1721.\begin{align*} P(S>6.25)=&\,\frac{10.5-6.25}{10.5-5.25}\\ =&\,\frac{4.25}{5.25}\\ =&\,\boxed{\frac{17}{21}}. \end{align*}