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IAL 2024 Oct S2 Q6

A Level / Edexcel / S2

IAL 2024 Oct Paper · Question 6

题目

Problem

Two boxes, A and B, each contain a large number of coins.

In box A

  • there are only 1p coins and 2p coins
  • the ratio of 1p coins to 2p coins is 1 : 3

In box B

  • there are only 2p coins and 5p coins
  • the ratio of 2p coins to 5p coins is 1 : 4

One coin is randomly selected from box A and two coins are randomly selected from box B.

The random variable TT represents the total of the values of the three coins selected.

(a) Find the sampling distribution of TT

(7)

The random variable MM represents the median of the values of the three coins selected.

(b) Find the sampling distribution of MM

(4)

(Total for Question 6 is 11 marks)

题目中文翻译

两个盒子 A 和 B 各装有大量硬币。

盒子 A 中

  • 只有 1p 和 2p 硬币
  • 1p 硬币与 2p 硬币的比例为 1 : 3

盒子 B 中

  • 只有 2p 和 5p 硬币
  • 2p 硬币与 5p 硬币的比例为 1 : 4

从盒子 A 中随机抽取一枚硬币,从盒子 B 中随机抽取两枚硬币。

随机变量 TT 表示三枚所选硬币的面值总和。

(a) 求 TT 的抽样分布。

随机变量 MM 表示三枚所选硬币面值的中位数。

(b) 求 MM 的抽样分布。

(第 6 题共 11 分)

解答

(a)

解法一

思路

展开

先把两个盒子的比例化成抽到各面值硬币的概率。盒 B 抽两枚硬币时,一枚 2p、一枚 5p 可以按两种顺序出现,因此对应概率要乘以 2。列出六种基本面值组合,计算各自的总值和概率,即可得到 TT 的抽样分布。

答题过程

展开

For box A,

P(A=1)=14,P(A=2)=34.P(A=1)=\frac14, \qquad P(A=2)=\frac34.

For each selection from box B,

P(B=2)=15,P(B=5)=45.P(B=2)=\frac15, \qquad P(B=5)=\frac45.

For combinations containing one 2p coin and one 5p coin from box B, there are two possible orders. The six probabilities are

P(1,2,2)=14(15)2=1100,P(2,2,2)=34(15)2=3100,P(1,2,5)=2(14)(15)×45=8100,P(2,2,5)=2(34)(15)×45=24100,P(1,5,5)=14(45)2=16100,P(2,5,5)=34(45)2=48100.\begin{align*} P(1,2,2)=&\,\frac14\left(\frac15\right)^2\\ =&\,\frac1{100},\\ P(2,2,2)=&\,\frac34\left(\frac15\right)^2\\ =&\,\frac3{100},\\ P(1,2,5)=&\,2\left(\frac14\right)\left(\frac15\right)\\ &\,\hspace{2pt}\times\frac45\\ =&\,\frac8{100},\\ P(2,2,5)=&\,2\left(\frac34\right)\left(\frac15\right)\\ &\,\hspace{2pt}\times\frac45\\ =&\,\frac{24}{100},\\ P(1,5,5)=&\,\frac14\left(\frac45\right)^2\\ =&\,\frac{16}{100},\\ P(2,5,5)=&\,\frac34\left(\frac45\right)^2\\ =&\,\frac{48}{100}. \end{align*}

The corresponding totals are

Selected valuesTTProbability
(1,2,2)(1,2,2)51100\dfrac1{100}
(2,2,2)(2,2,2)63100\dfrac3{100}
(1,2,5)(1,2,5)88100\dfrac8{100}
(2,2,5)(2,2,5)924100\dfrac{24}{100}
(1,5,5)(1,5,5)1116100\dfrac{16}{100}
(2,5,5)(2,5,5)1248100\dfrac{48}{100}

Hence the sampling distribution of TT is

tt568
P(T=t)P(T=t)1100\dfrac1{100}3100\dfrac3{100}8100\dfrac8{100}
tt91112
P(T=t)P(T=t)24100\dfrac{24}{100}16100\dfrac{16}{100}48100\dfrac{48}{100}

(b)

解法一

思路

展开

根据 (a) 的六种组合逐一判断中位数。含至少两枚 2p 硬币的组合中位数为 2;含两枚 5p 硬币的组合中位数为 5。把属于同一中位数的概率相加。

答题过程

展开

The median is 2 for the combinations

(1,2,2),(2,2,2),(1,2,5),(2,2,5).(1,2,2),\quad(2,2,2),\quad(1,2,5),\quad(2,2,5).

Therefore,

P(M=2)=1+3+8+24100=36100.P(M=2)=\frac{1+3+8+24}{100}=\frac{36}{100}.

The median is 5 for the combinations (1,5,5)(1,5,5) and (2,5,5)(2,5,5), so

P(M=5)=16+48100=64100.P(M=5)=\frac{16+48}{100}=\frac{64}{100}.

Hence the sampling distribution of MM is

mm25
P(M=m)P(M=m)36100\dfrac{36}{100}64100\dfrac{64}{100}