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IAL 2025 Jun S2 Q5

A Level / Edexcel / S2

IAL 2025 June Paper · Question 5

题目

Problem

In this question solutions relying entirely on calculator technology are not acceptable.

The continuous random variable XX has a probability density function given by

f(x)={221x0xk215(6x)k<x60otherwisef(x) = \begin{cases} \dfrac{2}{21}x & 0 \leqslant x \leqslant k \\ \dfrac{2}{15}(6 - x) & k < x \leqslant 6 \\ 0 & \text{otherwise} \end{cases}

(a) Show that k=3.5k = 3.5. You must make your method clear and show all stages of your working.

(5)

(b) Use algebraic integration to find E(X)E(X). You must show all stages of your working.

(4)

Given that E(X2)=27724E(X^2) = \dfrac{277}{24}

(c) find Var(X)\text{Var}(X)

(2)

(Total for Question 5 is 11 marks)

题目中文翻译

在本题中,完全依赖计算器技术的解答不可接受。

连续随机变量 XX 的概率密度函数为

f(x)={221x0xk215(6x)k<x60otherwisef(x) = \begin{cases} \dfrac{2}{21}x & 0 \leqslant x \leqslant k \\ \dfrac{2}{15}(6 - x) & k < x \leqslant 6 \\ 0 & \text{otherwise} \end{cases}

(a) 证明 k=3.5k = 3.5。你必须清楚地展示你的方法并展示所有计算步骤。

(b) 使用代数积分求 E(X)E(X)。你必须展示所有计算步骤。

已知 E(X2)=27724E(X^2) = \dfrac{277}{24}

(c) 求 Var(X)\text{Var}(X)

(第 5 题共 11 分)

解答

(a)

解法一

思路

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概率密度在整个支撑区间上的积分必须等于 1。分别对两段密度积分,代入端点后整理成关于 kk 的二次方程;该方程恰好是完全平方,从而自然推出题目指定的 k=3.5k=3.5

答题过程

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Since ff is a probability density function,

0k2x21dx+k62(6x)15dx=1.\begin{align*} &\,\int_0^k\frac{2x}{21}\,\mathrm{d}x\\ +&\,\int_k^6\frac{2(6-x)}{15}\,\mathrm{d}x=1. \end{align*}

Therefore,

221[x22]0k+215[6xx22]k6=1k221+215(186k+k22)=1.\begin{align*} &\,\frac2{21}\left[\frac{x^2}{2}\right]_0^k\\ +&\,\frac2{15} \left[6x-\frac{x^2}{2}\right]_k^6=1\\ &\,\frac{k^2}{21}\\ +&\,\frac2{15} \left(18-6k+\frac{k^2}{2}\right)=1. \end{align*}

Multiplying by 105105 and simplifying gives

5k2+14(186k+k22)=10512k284k+147=04k228k+49=0(2k7)2=0.\begin{align*} 5k^2+14\left(18-6k+\frac{k^2}{2}\right)=&\,105\\ 12k^2-84k+147=&\,0\\ 4k^2-28k+49=&\,0\\ (2k-7)^2=&\,0. \end{align*}

Hence,

k=72=3.5,k=\frac72=\boxed{3.5},

as required.

解法二

思路

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官方评分资料也接受几何面积法。两段密度图像分别形成底为 kk6k6-k 的三角形;计算两个三角形的面积,并令总面积为 1,可得到同一个完全平方方程。

答题过程

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The area under the first part of the density is

\frac12(k)left(\frac{2k}{21}\right) =\frac{k^2}{21}.

The area under the second part is

12(6k)[215(6k)]=(6k)215.\frac12(6-k) \left[\frac2{15}(6-k)\right] =\frac{(6-k)^2}{15}.

Since the total area is 1,

k221+(6k)215=1.\frac{k^2}{21}+\frac{(6-k)^2}{15}=1.

Multiplying by 105105,

5k2+7(6k)2=10512k284k+147=0(2k7)2=0.\begin{align*} 5k^2+7(6-k)^2=&\,105\\ 12k^2-84k+147=&\,0\\ (2k-7)^2=&\,0. \end{align*}

Therefore,

k=72=3.5,k=\frac72=\boxed{3.5},

as required.

(b)

解法一

思路

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连续随机变量的均值为 xf(x)dx\int xf(x)\,\mathrm{d}x。使用 (a) 的 k=7/2k=7/2,在分界点将积分拆成两段,完整代入上下限并合并结果。

答题过程

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Using k=7/2k=7/2,

E(X)=22107/2x2dx+2157/26(6xx2)dx.\begin{align*} E(X) =&\,\frac2{21}\int_0^{7/2}x^2\,\mathrm{d}x\\ +&\,\frac2{15}\int_{7/2}^{6}(6x-x^2)\,\mathrm{d}x. \end{align*}

Thus,

\begin{align*} E(X) =&\,\frac2{21} \left[\frac{x^3}{3}\right]_0^{7/2}\\ +&\,\frac2{15} \left[3x^2-\frac{x^3}{3}\right]_{7/2}^{6}\\ =&\,\frac2{21}\left(\frac{343}{24}\right)\\ +&\,\frac2{15} \left[36-left(\frac{147}{4}-\frac{343}{24}\right)\right]\\ =&\,\frac{49}{36}+\frac{65}{36}\\ =&\,\boxed{\frac{19}{6}}. \end{align*}

(c)

解法一

思路

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使用方差公式 Var(X)=E(X2)[E(X)]2\operatorname{Var}(X)=E(X^2)-[E(X)]^2,代入题目给出的二阶矩和 (b) 求得的均值,再通分化为精确分数。

答题过程

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Using E(X2)=277/24E(X^2)=277/24 and the result from part (b),

Var(X)=E(X2)[E(X)]2=27724(196)2=8317272272=10972.\begin{align*} \operatorname{Var}(X) =&\,E(X^2)-[E(X)]^2\\ =&\,\frac{277}{24}-\left(\frac{19}{6}\right)^2\\ =&\,\frac{831}{72}-\frac{722}{72}\\ =&\,\boxed{\frac{109}{72}}. \end{align*}