题目
The manager of a supermarket records the number of complaints, , the supermarket receives each day over a 50-day period. The results are summarised below.
\sum x=&\,99,\\ \sum(x-\bar{x})^2=&\,97.5. \end{aligned}$$ The manager believes that the number of complaints received by the supermarket each day could be modelled by a Poisson distribution. (a) Show how the results above support the manager in his belief. <div style="text-align: right;">(3)</div> The manager uses a Poisson distribution with mean 2 to model the number of complaints received each day. (b) For a randomly selected day, find using the manager's model, the probability that there are (i) at least 4 complaints received, (ii) more than 2 but less than 7 complaints received. <div style="text-align: right;">(4)</div> A working week consists of 5 consecutive days. In a randomly selected working week, the supermarket received 17 complaints. (c) Test, at the 5% level of significance, whether there is significant evidence that the mean number of complaints received is greater than 2 per day. State your hypotheses clearly. <div style="text-align: right;">(5)</div> (Total for Question 2 is 12 marks)题目中文翻译
一位超市经理记录了 50 天内超市每天收到的投诉数量 。结果汇总如下。
经理认为超市每天收到的投诉数量可以用泊松分布建模。
(a) 说明上述结果如何支持经理的信念。
经理使用均值为 2 的泊松分布来建模每天收到的投诉数量。
(b) 对于随机选择的一天,使用经理的模型求以下情况的概率
(i) 至少收到 4 次投诉,
(ii) 收到超过 2 次但少于 7 次投诉。
一个工作周由连续 5 天组成。
在随机选择的一个工作周内,超市收到了 17 次投诉。
(c) 在 5% 的显著性水平下,检验是否有显著证据表明每天收到的投诉平均数大于 2 次。清楚地陈述你的假设。
(第 2 题共 12 分)
解答
(a)
解法一
思路
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泊松分布的重要性质是均值与方差相等。利用 50 天的数据分别计算样本均值和方差;若两者非常接近,就说明泊松模型与数据相容。
答题过程
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The mean number of complaints is
The variance is
Since the mean and variance are very similar, the results support the manager’s belief that a Poisson distribution is suitable.
(b)(i)
解法一
思路
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按经理的模型,每天投诉数 服从均值为 的泊松分布。“至少 4 次”使用补事件写成 。
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Let . Then
(b)(ii)
解法一
思路
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“超过 2 次但少于 7 次”对应整数范围 。用两个累积概率之差 计算。
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Using ,
(c)
解法一
思路
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令 表示每天的平均投诉数。题目检验是否大于 ,因此是右尾检验。五天内的总投诉数在原假设下服从均值 的泊松分布;计算观察到 17 次或更多的概率并与 比较。
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Let be the mean number of complaints per day. The hypotheses are
Let be the total number of complaints in a five-day working week. Under ,
For the observed value ,
Since , is rejected. There is sufficient evidence at the significance level to suggest that the mean number of complaints is greater than 2 per day.
解法二
思路
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也可确定右尾临界区域。寻找使上尾概率不超过 的最小整数边界: 合格,而扩展到 就超过显著性水平。观察值 17 位于临界区域内。
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Under , . The adjacent upper-tail probabilities are
and
Therefore, the critical region is
Since the observed value is in the critical region, is rejected. There is sufficient evidence that the mean number of complaints is greater than 2 per day.