题目
A shop sells rods of nominal length 200 cm. The rods are bought from a manufacturer who uses a machine to cut rods of length cm, where
The value of is such that there is only a 5% chance that the rod, selected at random from those supplied to the shop, will have a length less than 200 cm.
(a) Find the value of to one decimal place.
A customer buys a random sample of 8 of these rods.
(b) Find the probability that at least 3 of these rods will have a length less than 200 cm.
Another customer buys a random sample of 60 of these rods.
(c) Using a suitable approximation, find the probability that more than 5 of these rods will have length less than 200 cm.
(Total for Question 1 is 9 marks)
题目中文翻译
一家商店出售标称长度为 200 cm 的杆。这些杆从制造商处购买,制造商使用机器切割长度为 cm 的杆,其中 。
的值使得从供应给商店的杆中随机选取一根,其长度小于 200 cm 的概率仅为 5%。
(a) 求 的值,保留一位小数。
一位顾客随机购买了 8 根这样的杆。
(b) 求其中至少有 3 根杆长度小于 200 cm 的概率。
另一位顾客随机购买了 60 根这样的杆。
(c) 使用适当的近似方法,求其中超过 5 根杆长度小于 200 cm 的概率。
(第 1 题共 9 分)
解答
(a)
解法一
思路
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长度小于 cm 的概率是 ,对应标准正态分布的下侧 分位数 。将 标准化后建立方程,求出总体均值 。
答题过程
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Let . Since ,
Using as an approximation to the lower standard normal quantile,
Therefore,
The answer is given to one decimal place.
(b)
解法一
思路
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每根随机抽取的杆长度小于 cm 的概率为 。令 表示 8 根中长度小于 cm 的根数,则 服从二项分布。用补事件把“至少 3 根”改写为 。
答题过程
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Let be the number of rods, out of 8, whose lengths are less than cm. Then
Hence,
(c)
解法一
思路
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60 根中长度小于 cm 的根数原本服从 。由于样本量较大而成功概率较小,可用参数 的泊松分布近似;“超过 5 根”就是至少 6 根,使用补事件计算。
答题过程
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Let be the number of rods, out of 60, whose lengths are less than cm. Since
use the approximation
where .
Therefore,