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IAL 2026 Jan S2 Q3

A Level / Edexcel / S2

IAL 2026 Jan Paper · Question 3

题目

Problem

Remy’s house has a sensor which detects motion. The number of times the sensor detects motion in a 15-minute period during every morning is modelled by a Poisson distribution with mean 2.5

(a) Find the probability that during a randomly selected morning the sensor detects motion

(i) at least 4 times in a randomly selected 30-minute period,

(ii) at least 4 times in each of 3 randomly selected non-overlapping 30-minute periods.

(4)

Remy decides to clean the sensor.

After cleaning the sensor, Remy records the number of times the sensor detects motion in a one-hour period in the morning.

Remy will use this data to test, at a 5% significance level, if there is evidence that the mean rate of detecting motion has increased.

(b) Write down suitable null and alternative hypotheses for Remy’s test.

(1)

(c) Find the critical region for the test and state its associated probability.

(3)

In the one-hour period after the sensor is cleaned, the sensor detects motion 13 times.

Using this observation and your answer to part (c)

(d) state the conclusion to the test, giving a reason for your answer.

(1)

(Total for Question 3 is 9 marks)

题目中文翻译

Remy 的房子有一个运动传感器。每天早上 15 分钟内传感器检测到运动的次数用均值为 2.5 的泊松分布建模。

(a) 求在随机选择的一个早上,传感器在以下情况下检测到运动的概率

(i) 在随机选择的 30 分钟内至少 4 次,

(ii) 在 3 个随机选择的不重叠 30 分钟内各至少 4 次。

Remy 决定清洁传感器。

清洁传感器后,Remy 记录早上一小时内传感器检测到运动的次数。

Remy 将使用此数据在 5% 显著性水平下检验是否有证据表明检测运动的平均速率增加了。

(b) 写出 Remy 检验的合适原假设和备择假设。

(c) 求此检验的临界区域并说明其关联概率。

在传感器清洁后的一小时内,传感器检测到运动 13 次。

使用此观察结果和你在 (c) 中的答案

(d) 说明检验的结论,并给出你的理由。

(第 3 题共 9 分)

解答

(a)(i)

解法一

思路

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30 分钟是 15 分钟的两倍,因此泊松分布的均值也变为 2×2.5=52\times2.5=5。“至少 4 次”用补事件写成 1P(X3)1-P(X\leq3)

答题过程

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Let XX be the number of detections in a 30-minute period. Then

XPo(5).X\sim\operatorname{Po}(5).

Therefore,

P(X4)=1P(X3)=10.265026=0.734974=0.735(3 s.f.).\begin{align*} P(X\geq4) =&\,1-P(X\leq3)\\ =&\,1-0.265026\ldots\\ =&\,0.734974\ldots\\ =&\,\boxed{0.735}\quad\text{(3 s.f.)}. \end{align*}

(a)(ii)

解法一

思路

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三个 30 分钟区间互不重叠,所以泊松过程在这些区间内的检测次数相互独立。每个区间至少检测 4 次的概率都等于 (a)(i) 的结果,因此将该概率取三次方。

答题过程

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The three non-overlapping periods are independent. Hence,

P(at least 4 in each period)=[P(X4)]3=(0.734974)3=0.397023=0.397(3 s.f.).\begin{align*} P(\text{at least 4 in each period}) =&\,\big[P(X\geq4)\big]^3\\ =&\,(0.734974\ldots)^3\\ =&\,0.397023\ldots\\ =&\,\boxed{0.397}\quad\text{(3 s.f.)}. \end{align*}

(b)

解法一

思路

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λ\lambda 表示清洁后每 15 分钟检测到运动的平均次数。原有平均次数为 2.52.5;题目只检验平均速率是否增加,所以备择假设是单尾的 λ>2.5\lambda>2.5

答题过程

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Let λ\lambda be the mean number of detections in a 15-minute period after cleaning. The hypotheses are

H0:λ=2.5,H1:λ>2.5.\boxed{H_0:\lambda=2.5, \qquad H_1:\lambda>2.5}.

(c)

解法一

思路

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检验所观察的是一小时内的次数,因此在原假设下均值为 4×2.5=104\times2.5=10。这是右尾检验;从较大的整数开始寻找右尾概率不超过 0.050.05 的最小边界,并用相邻边界确认临界区域。

答题过程

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Let YY be the number of detections in one hour. Under H0H_0,

YPo(10).Y\sim\operatorname{Po}(10).

The upper-tail probabilities at adjacent possible boundaries are

P(Y15)=0.08346>0.05P(Y\geq15)=0.08346\ldots>0.05

and

P(Y16)=0.04874<0.05.P(Y\geq16)=0.04874\ldots<0.05.

Therefore, the critical region is

Y16,\boxed{Y\geq16},

with associated probability

P(Y16)=0.0487(4 s.f.).\boxed{P(Y\geq16)=0.0487}\quad\text{(4 s.f.)}.

(d)

解法一

思路

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观察值 1313 小于临界边界 1616,不在 (c) 的临界区域内。因此不拒绝原假设,并用题目语境说明没有足够证据支持平均检测速率增加。

答题过程

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The observed value 1313 is not in the critical region Y16Y\geq16. Therefore, H0H_0 is not rejected. There is insufficient evidence at the 5%5\% significance level to suggest that the mean rate of detecting motion has increased.