题目
Each of 7 athletes competed in a 200 metre race and a 400 metre race.
The table shows the time, in seconds, taken by each athlete to complete the 200 metre race.
| Athlete | A | B | C | D | E | F | G |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 200 metre race (seconds) | 23.4 | 23.1 | 22.9 | 23.7 | 27.6 | 24.4 | 24.1 |
The finishing order in the 400 metre race is shown below, with athlete A finishing in the fastest time.
(a) Calculate the Spearman’s rank correlation coefficient between the finishing order in the 200 metre race and the finishing order in the 400 metre race.
(b) Stating your hypotheses clearly, test whether or not there is evidence of a positive correlation between the finishing order in the 200 metre race and the finishing order in the 400 metre race. Use a 5% level of significance.
The 7 athletes also competed in a long jump competition with the following results.
| Athlete | A | B | C | D | E | F | G |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Long jump (metres) | 6.50 | 6.47 | 6.12 | 6.12 | 6.48 | 6.38 | 6.47 |
Yuliya wants to calculate the Spearman’s rank correlation coefficient between the finishing order in the 200 metre race and the finishing order in the long jump for these athletes.
(c) Without carrying out any further calculations, explain how Yuliya should do this.
题目中文翻译
7 名运动员分别参加了一场 200 米赛跑和一场 400 米赛跑。
下表给出了每名运动员完成 200 米赛跑所用的时间(秒)。
| 运动员 | A | B | C | D | E | F | G |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 200 米赛跑(秒) | 23.4 | 23.1 | 22.9 | 23.7 | 27.6 | 24.4 | 24.1 |
400 米赛跑的完赛顺序如下,其中运动员 A 最快完成比赛:
(a) 计算 200 米赛跑完赛顺序与 400 米赛跑完赛顺序之间的 Spearman 秩相关系数。
(b) 清楚写出假设,在 5% 显著性水平下检验是否有证据表明 200 米赛跑与 400 米赛跑的完赛顺序之间存在正相关。
这 7 名运动员也参加了跳远比赛,成绩如下。
| 运动员 | A | B | C | D | E | F | G |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 跳远(米) | 6.50 | 6.47 | 6.12 | 6.12 | 6.48 | 6.38 | 6.47 |
Yuliya 希望计算这些运动员 200 米赛跑完赛顺序与跳远排名之间的 Spearman 秩相关系数。
(c) 不做任何进一步计算,说明 Yuliya 应该怎样求出这个系数。
解答
(a)
解法一
思路
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两项赛跑都按完赛先后排名,名次 代表最快。200 米赛跑可由用时从小到大排出名次,400 米赛跑的顺序已经给出。求每名运动员的名次差 和 ,再代入无并列秩时的 Spearman 公式。
答题过程
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The ranks are
| Athlete | A | B | C | D | E | F | G |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 200 m rank | 3 | 2 | 1 | 4 | 7 | 6 | 5 |
| 400 m rank | 1 | 2 | 4 | 5 | 7 | 6 | 3 |
| 2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 | |||
| 4 | 0 | 9 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 4 |
Therefore,
Using ,
Hence, to 3 significant figures,
(b)
解法一
思路
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题目要检验正相关,因此使用单尾 Spearman 秩相关检验。把 (a) 的 与 、 单尾检验的临界值比较;只有样本相关系数达到或超过临界值,才有充分证据支持正相关。
答题过程
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Let denote the population rank correlation coefficient.
For at the significance level in a one-tailed test, the critical value is
Since
is not rejected. There is insufficient evidence of a positive correlation between the finishing orders in the 200 metre and 400 metre races.
(c)
解法一
思路
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跳远成绩存在并列:B 与 G 同为 米,C 与 D 同为 米。应先给每组并列者相应名次的平均值,再计算 200 米名次与跳远平均秩之间的积矩相关系数;含并列秩时不能直接使用无并列数据的简化公式。
答题过程
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Rank the long jump distances, assigning average ranks to tied values. With the greatest distance ranked first, B and G each receive rank , while C and D each receive rank .
Then calculate the product moment correlation coefficient between the 200 metre ranks and these long jump ranks. This value is Spearman’s rank correlation coefficient for the data with ties.