题目
The scores in a national test of seven-year-old children are normally distributed with a standard deviation of 18 A random sample of 25 seven-year-old children from town A had a mean score of 52.4
(a) Calculate a 98% confidence interval for the mean score of the seven-year-old children from town A.
An independent random sample of 30 seven-year-old children from town B had a mean score of 57.8 A local newspaper claimed that the mean score of seven-year-old children from town B was greater than the mean score of seven-year-old children from town A.
(b) Stating your hypotheses clearly, use a 5% significance level to test the newspaper’s claim. You should show your working clearly.
The mean score for the national test of seven-year-old children is .
Considering the two samples of seven-year-old children separately, at the 5% level of significance, there is insufficient evidence that the mean score for town A is less than , and insufficient evidence that the mean score for town B is less than .
(c) Find the largest possible value for .
题目中文翻译
七岁儿童国家测试的分数服从正态分布,标准差为 18。 来自 A 镇的 25 名七岁儿童随机样本的平均分为 52.4。
(a) 求 A 镇七岁儿童平均分的 98% 置信区间。
来自 B 镇的 30 名七岁儿童独立随机样本的平均分为 57.8。 当地一家报纸声称,B 镇七岁儿童的平均分高于 A 镇七岁儿童的平均分。
(b) 清楚写出假设,在 5% 显著性水平下检验这家报纸的说法。你应清楚写出工作过程。
七岁儿童国家测试的总体均分为 。
单独考虑这两个样本,在 5% 显著性水平下,证据不足以表明 A 镇的平均分小于 ,也证据不足以表明 B 镇的平均分小于 。
(c) 求 的最大可能值。
解答
(a)
解法一
思路
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总体标准差已知,且分数服从正态分布,因此用标准正态分布构造均值的置信区间。 双侧置信区间的两端各留 ,所以临界值为 。
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For a confidence interval,
The standard error of the sample mean is
Therefore, the confidence interval is
Hence, to 3 significant figures, the confidence interval is
(b)
解法一
思路
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报纸声称 B 镇均分较高,因此进行右尾检验。两个样本相互独立且总体标准差同为 ,所以样本均值之差的方差是两个样本均值方差之和。先算标准化检验统计量,再与 右尾临界值比较。
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Let and be the population mean scores for towns A and B respectively.
Under , the standard error of is
The test statistic is therefore
For a one-tailed test, the critical value is
Since
the result is not significant, so is not rejected. There is insufficient evidence to support the newspaper’s claim that the mean score in town B is greater than the mean score in town A.
解法二
思路
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官方评分资料也接受用 p-value 作判断。沿用相同的右尾检验统计量 ,求其右尾概率;若 p-value 大于显著性水平 ,便不拒绝原假设。
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Using the same hypotheses and test statistic,
The one-tailed p-value is
Since
is not rejected. There is insufficient evidence to support the newspaper’s claim that the mean score in town B is greater than the mean score in town A.
(c)
解法一
思路
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对每个城镇分别检验“该镇总体均分小于全国均分 ”。题目说两个检验都没有显著结果,因此各自的标准化统计量都不能小于 左尾临界值 。这会分别给出 的上界;要让两项条件同时成立,必须取两个上界中较小的一个。
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For each town, consider the lower-tailed test
For the result to be not significant at the level, the test statistic must satisfy
For town A,
For town B,
Both conditions must hold, so the smaller upper bound is the limiting one. Therefore, the largest possible value of is
to 3 significant figures.