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IAL 2022 Jan S3 Q3

A Level / Edexcel / S3

IAL 2022 Jan Paper · Question 3

题目

Problem

A medical research team carried out an investigation into the metabolic rate, MR, of men aged between 30 years and 60 years. A random sample of 10 men was taken from this age group. The table below shows for each man his MR and his body mass index, BMI. The table also shows the rank for the level of daily physical activity, DPA, which was assessed by the medical research team. Rank 1 was assigned to the man with the highest level of daily physical activity.

ManABCDEFGHIJ
MR (x)6.245.946.836.536.317.447.328.707.887.78
BMI (y)19.619.223.621.420.220.822.925.523.325.1
DPA rank10798631452

[You may use Sxy = 15.1608, Sxx = 6.90181, Syy = 45.304]

(a) Calculate the value of the product moment correlation coefficient between MR and BMI for these 10 men.

(2)

(b) Use your value of the product moment correlation coefficient to test, at the 5% significance level, whether or not there is evidence of a positive correlation between MR and BMI. State your hypotheses clearly.

(3)

(c) State an assumption that must be made to carry out the test in part (b).

(1)

(d) Calculate the value of Spearman’s rank correlation coefficient between MR and DPA for these 10 men.

(4)

(e) Use a two-tailed test and a 5% level of significance to assess whether or not there is evidence of a correlation between MR and DPA.

(2)
(Total for Question 3 is 12 marks)
题目中文翻译

一支医学研究团队调查了 30 至 60 岁男性的代谢率 MR。 从该年龄组中随机抽取了 10 名男性。 下表显示了每位男性的 MR、身体质量指数 BMI,以及医学研究团队评估的日常体力活动 DPA 等级。 等级 1 分配给日常体力活动水平最高的男性。

男性ABCDEFGHIJ
MR (x)6.245.946.836.536.317.447.328.707.887.78
BMI (y)19.619.223.621.420.220.822.925.523.325.1
DPA 等级10798631452

你可以使用 Sxy=15.1608S_{xy}=15.1608, Sxx=6.90181S_{xx}=6.90181, Syy=45.304S_{yy}=45.304

(a) 求 MR 与 BMI 的积差相关系数。

(b) 利用你在 (a) 小题中的结果,在 5% 显著性水平下检验 MR 与 BMI 是否存在正相关证据。 请清楚写出原假设。

(c) 写出完成 (b) 小题检验必须作出的一个假设。

(d) 求 MR 与 DPA 的 Spearman 等级相关系数。

(e) 使用双侧检验和 5% 显著性水平,判断 MR 与 DPA 是否存在相关证据。

解答

(a)

解法一

思路

展开

题目已经给出 SxyS_{xy}SxxS_{xx}SyyS_{yy},直接代入积差相关系数公式 r=SxySxxSyyr=\frac{S_{xy}}{\sqrt{S_{xx}S_{yy}}}

答题过程

展开 r=SxySxxSyy=15.16086.90181(45.304)=0.8573780.857.\begin{align*} r =&\,\frac{S_{xy}}{\sqrt{S_{xx}S_{yy}}}\\ =&\,\frac{15.1608} {\sqrt{6.90181(45.304)}}\\ =&\,0.857378\ldots\\ \approx&\,\boxed{0.857}. \end{align*}

(b)

解法一

思路

展开

题目检验 MR 与 BMI 是否存在正相关,因此使用积差相关系数的右尾检验。把 (a) 的 rrn=10n=105%5\% 单尾临界值比较,并在结论中明确提及 MR、BMI 和正相关。

答题过程

展开

Let ρ\rho be the population product moment correlation coefficient between MR and BMI.

H0: ρ=0,H1: ρ>0.\begin{aligned} H_0:&\ \rho=0,\\ H_1:&\ \rho>0. \end{aligned}

For n=10n=10 at the 5%5\% significance level in a one-tailed test, the critical value is

r=0.5494.r=0.5494.

Since

0.857378>0.5494,0.857378\ldots>0.5494,

the observed value lies in the critical region, so H0H_0 is rejected. There is sufficient evidence at the 5%5\% significance level of a positive correlation between MR and BMI for men aged between 30 and 60 years.

(c)

解法一

思路

展开

对总体积差相关系数进行显著性检验时,需要关于总体分布的正态性假设。可以写成 MR 与 BMI 的联合分布为二元正态,也可以说明两项测量均服从正态分布。

答题过程

展开

The MR and BMI measurements are assumed to have a bivariate normal distribution.

(d)

解法一

思路

展开

DPA 已规定数值最高者列为第 1 名,因此把 MR 也按由高到低排列,使两个变量的秩方向一致。逐项求秩差 ddd2d^2,再代入 Spearman 秩相关系数公式。

答题过程

展开

Ranking MR from highest to lowest gives:

ManABCDEFGHIJ
MR rank91067845123
DPA rank10798631452
dd1-1333-31-12211443-33-311
d2d^219914116991

Therefore,

d2=60.\sum d^2=60.

With n=10n=10,

rs=16d2n(n21)=16(60)10(1021)=0.636360.636.\begin{align*} r_s =&\,1-\frac{6\sum d^2}{n(n^2-1)}\\ =&\,1-\frac{6(60)}{10(10^2-1)}\\ =&\,0.63636\ldots\\ \approx&\,\boxed{0.636}. \end{align*}

(e)

解法一

思路

展开

本题明确要求双尾检验,因此备择假设是不相关系数不等于零。将 (d) 的 rsr_s 的绝对值与 n=10n=105%5\% 双尾临界值 0.64850.6485 比较。

答题过程

展开

Let ρs\rho_s be the population rank correlation coefficient between MR and DPA.

H0: ρs=0,H1: ρs0.\begin{aligned} H_0:&\ \rho_s=0,\\ H_1:&\ \rho_s\ne0. \end{aligned}

For n=10n=10 at the 5%5\% significance level in a two-tailed test, the critical values are

rs=±0.6485.r_s=\pm0.6485.

Since

0.63636<0.6485,|0.63636\ldots|<0.6485,

the observed value does not lie in the critical region, so H0H_0 is not rejected. There is insufficient evidence at the 5%5\% significance level of a correlation between MR and DPA.