Charlie is training for three events: a 1500 m swim, a 40 km bike ride and a 10 km run.
From past experience his times, in minutes, for each of the three events independently
have the following distributions.
S∼N(41,5.22) represents the time for the swimB∼N(81,4.22) represents the time for the bike rideR∼N(57,6.62) represents the time for the run
(a) Find the probability that Charlie’s total time for a randomly selected swim, bike ride
and run exceeds 3 hours.
(5)
(b) Find the probability that the time for a randomly selected swim will be at least
20 minutes quicker than the time for a randomly selected run.
(4)
Given that P(S + B + R > t) = 0.95
(c) find the value of t
(3)
A triathlon consists of a 1500 m swim, immediately followed by a 40 km bike ride,
immediately followed by a 10 km run.
Charlie uses the answer to part (a) to find the probability that, in 6 successive
independent triathlons, his time will exceed 3 hours on at least one occasion.
(d) Find the answer Charlie should obtain.
(3)
Jane says that Charlie should not have used the answer to part (a) for the calculation
in part (d).
沿用 (a) 的总时间分布。右侧有 95% 的面积,表示 t 位于均值左侧,对应标准正态分位数为 −1.6449;负号不能遗漏。
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From part (a),
T∼N(179,88.24).
Since P(T>t)=0.95,
P(Z>88.24t−179)=0.95.
Thus
88.24t−179=−1.6449.
Therefore,
t==≈179−1.644988.24163.548…164 minutes.
(d)
解法一
思路
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按 Charlie 的做法,把每次总时间超过 3 小时看作概率为 (a) 答案的独立伯努利事件。六次中至少一次发生,使用补事件“六次都不发生”计算最简洁。
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Let X be the number of triathlons, out of 6, for which Charlie’s time exceeds 3 hours. Using the result from part (a),
X∼B(6,0.4576…).
Therefore,
P(X≥1)===≈1−P(X=0)1−(1−0.4576…)60.9745…0.975.
(e)
解法一
思路
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(a) 把三个项目的时间视为相互独立的随机选择;但真正的三项全能赛是连续进行,前一项目产生的疲劳会影响后一项目,因此同一场比赛内三个时间未必独立。此外,三项时间之和也没有包括转换项目所需的时间。指出其中一个问题并得出 Jane 正确即可。
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Jane is correct. In a triathlon the three events are performed consecutively, so the times are unlikely to be independent because fatigue from one event may affect the next. Also, the sum in part (a) does not include transition times. Therefore, the probability from part (a) is not necessarily valid for a complete triathlon.