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S3 2023 June Q7

A Level / Edexcel / S3

IAL 2023 June Paper · Question 7

题目

Problem

7.

The random variable XX is defined as

X=4A−3BX=4A-3B

where AA and BB are independent and

A∼N(15,52)B∼N(10,42)A \sim N(15,5^2) \qquad B \sim N(10,4^2)

(a) Find P(X<40)P(X<40)

(4)

The random variable CC is such that C∼N(20,σ2)C \sim N(20,\sigma^2) The random variables C1,C2C_1, C_2 and C3C_3 are independent and each has the same distribution as CC The random variable DD is defined as

D=∑i=13CiD=\sum_{i=1}^3 C_i

Given that P(A+B+D<76)=0.2420P(A+B+D<76)=0.2420 and that AA, BB and DD are independent,

(b) showing your working clearly, find the standard deviation of CC

(6)
(Total for Question 7 is 10 marks)
题目中文翻译

随机变量 XX 定义为

X=4A−3BX=4A-3B

其中 AA 和 BB 相互独立,并且

A∼N(15,52)B∼N(10,42)A \sim N(15,5^2) \qquad B \sim N(10,4^2)

(a) 求 P(X<40)P(X<40)。

(4)

随机变量 CC 满足 C∼N(20,σ2)C \sim N(20,\sigma^2)。 随机变量 C1,C2,C3C_1, C_2, C_3 相互独立,并且都与 CC 服从同样的分布。 随机变量 DD 定义为

D=∑i=13CiD=\sum_{i=1}^3 C_i

已知 P(A+B+D<76)=0.2420P(A+B+D<76)=0.2420,且 AA、BB、DD 相互独立,

(b) 请清楚写出过程,求 CC 的标准差。

(6)

解答

(a)

解法一

思路

展开

X=4A−3BX=4A-3B 是两个独立正态变量的线性组合,因此仍服从正态分布。计算均值时保留系数符号,计算方差时则使用系数的平方;确定 XX 的分布后再标准化求概率。

答题过程

展开

Since AA and BB are independent,

E⁡(X)= 4E⁡(A)−3E⁡(B)= 4(15)−3(10)= 30\begin{align*} \operatorname E(X) =&\,4\operatorname E(A)-3\operatorname E(B)\\ =&\,4(15)-3(10)\\ =&\,30 \end{align*}

and

Var⁡(X)= 42Var⁡(A) +(−3)2Var⁡(B)= 42(52)+32(42)= 544.\begin{align*} \operatorname{Var}(X) =&\,4^2\operatorname{Var}(A)\\ &\,\hspace{2pt}+(-3)^2\operatorname{Var}(B)\\ =&\,4^2(5^2)+3^2(4^2)\\ =&\,544. \end{align*}

Therefore,

X∼N(30,544).X\sim\mathrm N(30,544).

Hence

P⁡(X<40)= P⁡(Z<40−30544)= P⁡(Z<0.4287…)= 0.666.\begin{align*} \operatorname P(X<40) =&\,\operatorname P\big( Z<\frac{40-30}{\sqrt{544}} \big)\\ =&\,\operatorname P(Z<0.4287\ldots)\\ =&\,\boxed{0.666}. \end{align*}

(b)

解法一

思路

展开

先由三个独立同分布的 CiC_i 求出 DD 的均值和方差,再与独立的 AA、BB 合并。已知左尾概率为 0.24200.2420,查标准正态分布得到对应的 zz 值约为 −0.700-0.700,由标准化方程反解 σ\sigma。

答题过程

展开

Since

D=C1+C2+C3,D=C_1+C_2+C_3,

where C1,C2,C3C_1,C_2,C_3 are independent and each has distribution N(20,σ2)\mathrm N(20,\sigma^2),

E⁡(D)= 3(20)=60,Var⁡(D)= 3σ2.\begin{align*} \operatorname E(D)=&\,3(20)=60,\\ \operatorname{Var}(D)=&\,3\sigma^2. \end{align*}

Let

S=A+B+D.S=A+B+D.

Since AA, BB and DD are independent,

E⁡(S)= 15+10+60= 85\begin{align*} \operatorname E(S) =&\,15+10+60\\ =&\,85 \end{align*}

and

Var⁡(S)= 52+42+3σ2= 41+3σ2.\begin{align*} \operatorname{Var}(S) =&\,5^2+4^2+3\sigma^2\\ =&\,41+3\sigma^2. \end{align*}

Thus

S∼N(85,41+3σ2).S\sim\mathrm N(85,41+3\sigma^2).

Given that P⁡(S<76)=0.2420\operatorname P(S<76)=0.2420, the corresponding standard normal value is

P⁡(Z<−0.700)≈0.2420.\operatorname P(Z<-0.700)\approx0.2420.

Therefore,

76−8541+3σ2=−0.700.\frac{76-85}{\sqrt{41+3\sigma^2}}=-0.700.

Rearranging,

−941+3σ2= −0.70041+3σ2= 90.70041+3σ2= (90.700)23σ2= (90.700)2−41σ= 6.437….\begin{align*} \frac{-9}{\sqrt{41+3\sigma^2}} =&\,-0.700\\ \sqrt{41+3\sigma^2} =&\,\frac{9}{0.700}\\ 41+3\sigma^2 =&\,\big(\frac{9}{0.700}\big)^2\\ 3\sigma^2 =&\,\big(\frac{9}{0.700}\big)^2-41\\ \sigma =&\,6.437\ldots. \end{align*}

Therefore, the standard deviation of CC is

6.44.\boxed{6.44}.