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IAL 2024 Jan S3 Q2

A Level / Edexcel / S3

IAL 2024 Jan Paper · Question 2

题目

Problem

A company has 800 employees. The manager of the company is going to take a sample of 80 employees.

(a) Explain how this sample can be taken using systematic sampling.

(3)

The company has offices in London, Edinburgh and Cardiff. The table shows the number of employees in each city.

CityLondonEdinburghCardiff
Number of employees430250120

The president of the company is going to take a sample of 100 employees to determine the average time employees spend in front of a computer each week.

(b) Explain how this sample can be taken using stratified sampling.

(3)

(c) Explain an advantage of using stratified sampling rather than simple random sampling.

(1)
(Total for Question 2 is 7 marks)
题目中文翻译

一家公司的员工共有 800 人。 公司经理准备抽取 80 名员工作为样本。

(a) 说明如何使用系统抽样抽取这个样本。

公司在伦敦、爱丁堡和卡迪夫都有办公室。下表给出了各城市的员工人数。

城市伦敦爱丁堡卡迪夫
员工人数430250120

公司总裁准备抽取 100 名员工,以确定员工每周花在电脑前的平均时间。

(b) 说明如何使用分层抽样抽取这个样本。

(c) 说明与简单随机抽样相比,分层抽样的一个优点。

解答

(a)

解法一

思路

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系统抽样间隔为 800/80=10800/80=10。把全体员工编号后,在前 10 个编号中随机选起点,再固定每隔 10 人抽取一人。

答题过程

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Number the employees from 001 to 800. Choose a random integer from 001 to 010 as the first employee, then select every 10th employee until 80 employees have been chosen.

(b)

解法一

思路

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把城市作为三个层,按各城市人数占总人数的比例分配 100 个名额。计算后分别取 54、31、15 人,总数正好为 100,再在每层内随机抽取。

答题过程

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The proportional allocations are

London:  430800(100)=53.7554,Edinburgh:  250800(100)=31.2531,Cardiff:  120800(100)=15.\begin{align*} \text{London: }&\ \frac{430}{800}(100)=53.75\approx54,\\ \text{Edinburgh: }&\ \frac{250}{800}(100)=31.25\approx31,\\ \text{Cardiff: }&\ \frac{120}{800}(100)=15. \end{align*}

Number the employees within each city and use random numbers to select 54 employees from London, 31 from Edinburgh and 15 from Cardiff.

(c)

解法一

思路

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分层抽样强制各城市按总体比例进入样本,因此更能反映公司员工的城市构成,并避免较小城市没有代表。

答题过程

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Stratified sampling ensures that each city is represented in the sample in proportion to its size, so the sample reflects the structure of the population more closely.