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IAL 2024 Jan S3 Q7

A Level / Edexcel / S3

IAL 2024 Jan Paper · Question 7

题目

Problem

Small containers and large containers are independently filled with fruit juice. The amounts of fruit juice in small containers are normally distributed with mean 180 ml and standard deviation 4.5 ml The amounts of fruit juice in large containers are normally distributed with mean 330 ml and standard deviation 6.7 ml The random variable W represents the total amount of fruit juice in a random sample of 2 small containers minus the amount of fruit juice in 1 randomly selected large container. W ~ N(a, b) where a and b are positive constants.

(a) Find the value of a and the value of b

(3)

(b) Find the probability that a randomly chosen large container of fruit juice contains more than 1.8 times the amount of fruit juice in a randomly chosen small container.

(5)

A random sample of 3 small containers of fruit juice is taken.

(c) Find the probability that the first container of fruit juice in this sample contains at least 5 ml more than the mean amount of fruit juice in all 3 small containers.

(6)
(Total for Question 7 is 14 marks)
题目中文翻译

小容器和大容器分别独立装有果汁。 小容器中的果汁量服从正态分布,均值为 180 ml,标准差为 4.5 ml。 大容器中的果汁量服从正态分布,均值为 330 ml,标准差为 6.7 ml。 随机变量 W 表示随机抽取的 2 个小容器中果汁总量减去 1 个随机选取的大容器中的果汁量。 W ~ N(a, b),其中 a 和 b 为正实数常数。

(a) 求 a 的值和 b 的值。

(b) 求随机选取的一个大容器中的果汁量超过随机选取的一个小容器中果汁量的 1.8 倍的概率。

抽取 3 个小容器作为随机样本。

(c) 求该样本中的第一个容器的果汁量至少比 3 个小容器平均果汁量多 5 ml 的概率。

解答

(a)

解法一

思路

展开

设两个小容器的果汁量为 S1,S2S_1,S_2,大容器的果汁量为 LL。独立正态变量的线性组合仍服从正态分布;均值按系数线性组合,方差则按系数平方相加。

答题过程

展开

Let S1,S2N(180,4.52)S_1,S_2\sim\mathrm N(180,4.5^2) and LN(330,6.72)L\sim\mathrm N(330,6.7^2), where the three random variables are independent. Then

W=S1+S2L.W=S_1+S_2-L.

Therefore,

a=E(W)=2(180)330=30,\begin{align*} a=\operatorname E(W) &=2(180)-330\\ &=\boxed{30}, \end{align*}

and

b=Var(W)=2(4.52)+6.72=85.39.\begin{align*} b=\operatorname{Var}(W) &=2(4.5^2)+6.7^2\\ &=\boxed{85.39}. \end{align*}

(b)

解法一

思路

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把“大容器超过小容器的 1.81.8 倍”改写成差 L1.8S>0L-1.8S>0。求出这个正态线性组合的均值与方差后,将阈值 00 标准化即可。

答题过程

展开

Let

X=L1.8S.X=L-1.8S.

Since LL and SS are independent,

E(X)=3301.8(180)=6\operatorname E(X)=330-1.8(180)=6

and

Var(X)=6.72+1.82(4.52)=110.5.\begin{align*} \operatorname{Var}(X) &=6.7^2+1.8^2(4.5^2)\\ &=110.5. \end{align*}

Thus XN(6,110.5)X\sim\mathrm N(6,110.5), and

P(L>1.8S)=P(X>0)=P(Z>06110.5)=P(Z>0.5707)=0.716.\begin{align*} \operatorname P(L>1.8S) &=\operatorname P(X>0)\\ &=\operatorname P\left( Z>\frac{0-6}{\sqrt{110.5}} \right)\\ &=\operatorname P(Z>-0.5707\ldots)\\ &=\boxed{0.716}. \end{align*}

(c)

解法一

思路

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第一个容器 S1S_1 同时包含在三者的样本均值中,所以两者并不独立。先把不等式整理成单一线性组合 (2S1S2S3)/35(2S_1-S_2-S_3)/3\geqslant5,再利用三个容器相互独立来计算这个组合的方差。

答题过程

展开

Let the amounts in the three small containers be S1,S2,S3S_1,S_2,S_3. The required event is

S1S1+S2+S33+5.S_1\geqslant\frac{S_1+S_2+S_3}{3}+5.

Rearranging gives

2S1S2S335.\frac{2S_1-S_2-S_3}{3}\geqslant5.

Define

T=2S1S2S33.T=\frac{2S_1-S_2-S_3}{3}.

Then

E(T)=2(180)1801803=0,\operatorname E(T) =\frac{2(180)-180-180}{3} =0,

and, since S1,S2,S3S_1,S_2,S_3 are independent,

Var(T)=19(22+(1)2+(1)2)(4.52)=13.5.\begin{align*} \operatorname{Var}(T) &=\frac{1}{9} \left(2^2+(-1)^2+(-1)^2\right)(4.5^2)\\ &=13.5. \end{align*}

Therefore,

P(S1S1+S2+S33+5)=P(T5)=P(Z513.5)=P(Z1.3608)=0.0868.\begin{align*} \operatorname P\left( S_1\geqslant\frac{S_1+S_2+S_3}{3}+5 \right) &=\operatorname P(T\geqslant5)\\ &=\operatorname P\left( Z\geqslant\frac{5}{\sqrt{13.5}} \right)\\ &=\operatorname P(Z\geqslant1.3608\ldots)\\ &=\boxed{0.0868}. \end{align*}