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IAL 2026 Jan S3 Q6

A Level / Edexcel / S3

IAL 2026 Jan Paper · Question 6

题目

Problem

The random variable H ~ N(μ, 6^2).

The mean of a random sample of n observations of H is denoted by H̄.

Given that P(H̄ < 55.08) = 0.1151 and P(H̄ > 56.976) = 0.0250 using the tables provided

(a) show that n = 100

(6)

(b) hence find the value of μ

(2)
(Total for Question 6 is 8 marks)
题目中文翻译

随机变量 H ~ N(μ, 6^2)。

H 的 n 个观测值的样本均值记为 H̄。

已知使用统计表得到 P(H̄ < 55.08) = 0.1151 和 P(H̄ > 56.976) = 0.0250。

(a) 证明 n = 100。

(b) 因而求 μ 的值。

解答

(a)

解法一

思路

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样本均值的标准差为 6/n6/\sqrt n。先把两个概率分别标准化,利用统计表把它们对应到 z=1.20z=-1.20z=1.96z=1.96,由此得到两个关于 μ\mun\sqrt n 的方程。消去 μ\mu 后即可证明 n=100n=100

答题过程

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The sampling distribution of the sample mean is

HN(μ,62n).\overline H\sim \operatorname{N}\left(\mu,\frac{6^2}{n}\right).

From the normal tables,

P(Z<1.20)=0.1151.P(Z<-1.20)=0.1151.

Therefore,

55.08μ6/n=1.20,55.08μ=7.2n,μ=55.08+7.2n.\begin{align*} \frac{55.08-\mu}{6/\sqrt n}=&\,-1.20,\\ 55.08-\mu=&\,-\frac{7.2}{\sqrt n},\\ \mu=&\,55.08+\frac{7.2}{\sqrt n}. \end{align*}

Also,

P(H>56.976)=0.0250P(\overline H>56.976)=0.0250

corresponds to P(Z<1.96)=0.9750P(Z<1.96)=0.9750. Hence

56.976μ6/n=1.96,56.976μ=11.76n,μ=56.97611.76n.\begin{align*} \frac{56.976-\mu}{6/\sqrt n}=&\,1.96,\\ 56.976-\mu=&\,\frac{11.76}{\sqrt n},\\ \mu=&\,56.976-\frac{11.76}{\sqrt n}. \end{align*}

Equating the two expressions for μ\mu gives

55.08+7.2n=56.97611.76n,18.96n=1.896,n=10.\begin{align*} 55.08+\frac{7.2}{\sqrt n} =&\,56.976-\frac{11.76}{\sqrt n},\\ \frac{18.96}{\sqrt n}=&\,1.896,\\ \sqrt n=&\,10. \end{align*}

Since n>0n>0,

n=100.\boxed{n=100}.

(b)

解法一

思路

展开

承接 (a) 的结果,取 n=10\sqrt n=10,代回任一标准化所得的方程便可求出 μ\mu

答题过程

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Using n=10\sqrt n=10 in the first equation from part (a),

μ=55.08+7.210=55.8.\begin{align*} \mu =&\,55.08+\frac{7.2}{10}\\ =&\,\boxed{55.8}. \end{align*}